Fines and Fees Category Results - Institute for Justice

All Factor Results by Category, 50 States

State	A1	A2	A3	A4	B1	B2	B3	B4	B5	B6	B7	B8i	B8ii	C1	C2	C3	C4	D1	D2	D3	E1i	E1ii	E1iii	E1iv	E1v	E1vi	E1vii	E1viii	E2	E3	E4	E5i	E5ii	E6i	E6ii	F1i	F1ii	F2	F3i	F3ii	F4	F5	G1	G2	G3	G4	G5	G6	G7i	G7ii	G8i	G8ii
Alabama	A1 Alabama A1 Does state law allow some or all municipalities to enact municipal charters and codes? Score: 1 = no 1	A2 Alabama A2 Does state law permit municipalities to enact provisions that regulate the same or similar conduct as state laws? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	A3 Alabama A3 Does state law create, or permit municipalities to create, municipal courts? Score: 0 = yes 0	A4 Alabama A4 What does state law grant municipal courts jurisdiction over? Score: 1 = all municipal code prosecutions 1	B1 Alabama B1 Does state law prohibit municipalities from budgeting for future revenue obtained through fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 0 = no 0	B2 Alabama B2 How many taxation-based options for raising revenue does state law make available to municipalities? Score: 1 = any two of property, sales and income taxes 1	B3 Alabama B3 What percentage of a municipality’s budget must come from revenue sources other than fines and fees? Score: 0% = 0% 0%	B4 Alabama B4 To what extent does state law restrict the discretion of municipalities in allocating the fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 0 = unrestricted 0	B5 Alabama B5 To what extent does the state, as a matter of law, provide funding for the municipal court system? Score: 0 = unfunded 0	B6 Alabama B6 Does state law specifically protect municipalities from having to provide public services through unfunded mandates? Score: 1 = yes 1	B7 Alabama B7 Does state law require that municipal courts function independently of their legislative and executive counterparts in municipal government? Score: 0 = no, municipal court system barely regulated, if at all 0	B8i Alabama B8i Does state law attempt to shield the institutional or individual interests of municipal court personnel from reprisals for case outcomes unfavorable to municipalities? Score: 0 = no, municipal courts barely regulated, if at all 0	B8ii Alabama B8ii Has state law set minimum ethics and professionalism standards for municipal courts, judges, prosecutors, law enforcement and other personnel? Score: 1 = somewhat, partial regulation of municipal courts 1	C1 Alabama C1 Does state law permit municipal courts to increase the number of offenses that require in-person court appearances before fines and fees can be paid? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	C2 Alabama C2 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts provide means by which the accused can pay fines and fees without going to court? Score: 0 = state law silent 0	C3 Alabama C3 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts post a schedule of their predetermined fines and fees online or at the courthouse or other public place? Score: 0 = state law silent 0	C4 Alabama C4 To what extent does state law require that municipal courts consider accepting partial payments of fines and fees? Score: 0 = state law silent 0	D1 Alabama D1 To what extent does state law require or permit suspension of a driver’s license if traffic or ordinance violation fines are not paid on time or if the individual fails to appear in court? Score: 2 = state law silent 2	D2 Alabama D2 To what extent does state law require or permit the suspension of a driver’s license for the nonpayment of fees? Score: 2 = state law silent 2	D3 Alabama D3 To what extent does state law permit courts to determine, without specific criteria, when the individual has sufficiently complied with court directions to lift a driver’s license suspension? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	E1i Alabama E1i Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain a description of the alleged municipal code violation? Score: 1 = yes 1	E1ii Alabama E1ii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the section or provision number of the municipal code said to be violated? Score: 0 = no 0	E1iii Alabama E1iii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name and address of the accused? Score: 0 = no 0	E1iv Alabama E1iv Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name of the person or municipal entity issuing the citation? Score: 0 = no 0	E1v Alabama E1v Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain an order for the accused to appear in municipal court at a stated time and place? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1vi Alabama E1vi Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused does not have to appear in court if they follow stipulated alternate procedure(s)? Score: 1 = yes 1	E1vii Alabama E1vii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain caution that the accused may be arrested if they fail either to appear in municipal court or to follow the alternate procedure(s)? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1viii Alabama E1viii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused may demand a jury trial by filing a form and paying a fee when entering their appearance, plea, answer to the charge or other responsive pleading? Score: 0 = no 0	E2 Alabama E2 Does state law allow for discovery in municipal ordinance prosecutions? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	E3 Alabama E3 Does state law allow for jury trials in municipal ordinance prosecutions when requested by the accused? Score: 0 = no 0	E4 Alabama E4 Does state law require municipal courts to advise the accused of the right to demand a jury trial in municipal ordinance violation cases? Score: 0 = no 0	E5i Alabama E5i To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration cannot be ordered? Score: 1 = state law silent, suggesting at least a preponderance standard 1	E5ii Alabama E5ii To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration can be ordered? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	E6i Alabama E6i Does state law provide the accused with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 2 = yes, appeal as of right 2	E6ii Alabama E6ii Does state law provide the municipality with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 1 = yes, but requires leave of the court or only in some cases 1	F1i Alabama F1i Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fines that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 0 = no 0	F1ii Alabama F1ii Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fees that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 2 = state law bars new fees or court costs related to municipal ordinance violations 2	F2 Alabama F2 To what extent does state law authorize judges to set a fine below any minimum provided in the municipal code? Score: 0 = not authorized 0	F3i Alabama F3i If a person is assessed court or prosecution fees, does state law require the court to incorporate those amounts into its order? Score: 1 = yes 1	F3ii Alabama F3ii If a person is to be assessed fees, does state law require the court to specify the names of those fees in its order? Score: 0 = no 0	F4 Alabama F4 Does state law mandate that no court fees shall be assessed if the case is dismissed? Score: 1 = mandated 1	F5 Alabama F5 Does state law require municipal courts to consider non-jail alternative punishments—such as community service, educational programs, or school or work attendance—instead of fines and fees? Score: 1 = permitted 1	G1 Alabama G1 Does state law specifically prohibit incarceration where the individual is economically unable to pay the fines or fees? Score: 0 = no or not prohibited in some cases 0	G2 Alabama G2 Are indirect attempts to collect fines or fees, by incarcerating individuals unable to pay them for contempt of court or threatening incarceration, prohibited by state law? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G3 Alabama G3 Does state law require that an ability-to-pay hearing be held before incarceration for nonpayment? Score: 0 = no 0	G4 Alabama G4 Does state law require that notice be provided at a reasonable time before an ability-to-pay hearing? Score: 0 = no 0	G5 Alabama G5 Does state law require that the individual be notified of a right to counsel, including a public defender or a court-appointed attorney, for an ability-to-pay hearing or any proceeding that may result in incarceration? Score: 2 = yes 2	G6 Alabama G6 Does state law require that the court at an ability-to-pay hearing inquire and make a formal determination as to an individual’s ability to pay a fine, supported by findings of fact and based on the evidence presented? Score: 0 = no 0	G7i Alabama G7i Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fines? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G7ii Alabama G7ii Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fees? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G8i Alabama G8i Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fines? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G8ii Alabama G8ii Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fees? Score: 1 = state law silent 1
Alaska	A1 Alaska A1 Does state law allow some or all municipalities to enact municipal charters and codes? Score: 0 = yes 0	A2 Alaska A2 Does state law permit municipalities to enact provisions that regulate the same or similar conduct as state laws? Score: 0 = yes 0	A3 Alaska A3 Does state law create, or permit municipalities to create, municipal courts? Score: 1 = no 1	A4 Alaska A4 What does state law grant municipal courts jurisdiction over? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	B1 Alaska B1 Does state law prohibit municipalities from budgeting for future revenue obtained through fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 2 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 2	B2 Alaska B2 How many taxation-based options for raising revenue does state law make available to municipalities? Score: 1 = any two of property, sales and income taxes 1	B3 Alaska B3 What percentage of a municipality’s budget must come from revenue sources other than fines and fees? Score: 0% = 0% 0%	B4 Alaska B4 To what extent does state law restrict the discretion of municipalities in allocating the fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	B5 Alaska B5 To what extent does the state, as a matter of law, provide funding for the municipal court system? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no funding or regulation necessary 3	B6 Alaska B6 Does state law specifically protect municipalities from having to provide public services through unfunded mandates? Score: 0 = no 0	B7 Alaska B7 Does state law require that municipal courts function independently of their legislative and executive counterparts in municipal government? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	B8i Alaska B8i Does state law attempt to shield the institutional or individual interests of municipal court personnel from reprisals for case outcomes unfavorable to municipalities? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	B8ii Alaska B8ii Has state law set minimum ethics and professionalism standards for municipal courts, judges, prosecutors, law enforcement and other personnel? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	C1 Alaska C1 Does state law permit municipal courts to increase the number of offenses that require in-person court appearances before fines and fees can be paid? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	C2 Alaska C2 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts provide means by which the accused can pay fines and fees without going to court? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	C3 Alaska C3 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts post a schedule of their predetermined fines and fees online or at the courthouse or other public place? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	C4 Alaska C4 To what extent does state law require that municipal courts consider accepting partial payments of fines and fees? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	D1 Alaska D1 To what extent does state law require or permit suspension of a driver’s license if traffic or ordinance violation fines are not paid on time or if the individual fails to appear in court? Score: 1 = required or permitted in some cases 1	D2 Alaska D2 To what extent does state law require or permit the suspension of a driver’s license for the nonpayment of fees? Score: 2 = state law silent 2	D3 Alaska D3 To what extent does state law permit courts to determine, without specific criteria, when the individual has sufficiently complied with court directions to lift a driver’s license suspension? Score: 0 = requires full payment of all fines and fees owed 0	E1i Alaska E1i Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain a description of the alleged municipal code violation? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1ii Alaska E1ii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the section or provision number of the municipal code said to be violated? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1iii Alaska E1iii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name and address of the accused? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1iv Alaska E1iv Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name of the person or municipal entity issuing the citation? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1v Alaska E1v Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain an order for the accused to appear in municipal court at a stated time and place? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1vi Alaska E1vi Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused does not have to appear in court if they follow stipulated alternate procedure(s)? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1vii Alaska E1vii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain caution that the accused may be arrested if they fail either to appear in municipal court or to follow the alternate procedure(s)? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1viii Alaska E1viii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused may demand a jury trial by filing a form and paying a fee when entering their appearance, plea, answer to the charge or other responsive pleading? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E2 Alaska E2 Does state law allow for discovery in municipal ordinance prosecutions? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system 4	E3 Alaska E3 Does state law allow for jury trials in municipal ordinance prosecutions when requested by the accused? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system 4	E4 Alaska E4 Does state law require municipal courts to advise the accused of the right to demand a jury trial in municipal ordinance violation cases? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	E5i Alaska E5i To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration cannot be ordered? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system 4	E5ii Alaska E5ii To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration can be ordered? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system or because incarceration cannot be ordered by a municipal court for an ordinance violation 4	E6i Alaska E6i Does state law provide the accused with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 3 = n/a as no municipal court system 3	E6ii Alaska E6ii Does state law provide the municipality with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 3 = n/a as no municipal court system 3	F1i Alaska F1i Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fines that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 1 = yes 1	F1ii Alaska F1ii Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fees that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 1 = state law regulates fees related to municipal ordinance violations or court costs but does not expressly bar new fees or costs 1	F2 Alaska F2 To what extent does state law authorize judges to set a fine below any minimum provided in the municipal code? Score: 0 = not authorized 0	F3i Alaska F3i If a person is assessed court or prosecution fees, does state law require the court to incorporate those amounts into its order? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	F3ii Alaska F3ii If a person is to be assessed fees, does state law require the court to specify the names of those fees in its order? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	F4 Alaska F4 Does state law mandate that no court fees shall be assessed if the case is dismissed? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	F5 Alaska F5 Does state law require municipal courts to consider non-jail alternative punishments—such as community service, educational programs, or school or work attendance—instead of fines and fees? Score: 3 = n/a as no municipal court system 3	G1 Alaska G1 Does state law specifically prohibit incarceration where the individual is economically unable to pay the fines or fees? Score: 1 = yes 1	G2 Alaska G2 Are indirect attempts to collect fines or fees, by incarcerating individuals unable to pay them for contempt of court or threatening incarceration, prohibited by state law? Score: 2 = prohibited 2	G3 Alaska G3 Does state law require that an ability-to-pay hearing be held before incarceration for nonpayment? Score: 1 = yes 1	G4 Alaska G4 Does state law require that notice be provided at a reasonable time before an ability-to-pay hearing? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G5 Alaska G5 Does state law require that the individual be notified of a right to counsel, including a public defender or a court-appointed attorney, for an ability-to-pay hearing or any proceeding that may result in incarceration? Score: 2 = yes 2	G6 Alaska G6 Does state law require that the court at an ability-to-pay hearing inquire and make a formal determination as to an individual’s ability to pay a fine, supported by findings of fact and based on the evidence presented? Score: 1 = yes 1	G7i Alaska G7i Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fines? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G7ii Alaska G7ii Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fees? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G8i Alaska G8i Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fines? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G8ii Alaska G8ii Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fees? Score: 1 = state law silent 1
Arizona	A1 Arizona A1 Does state law allow some or all municipalities to enact municipal charters and codes? Score: 0 = yes 0	A2 Arizona A2 Does state law permit municipalities to enact provisions that regulate the same or similar conduct as state laws? Score: 0 = yes 0	A3 Arizona A3 Does state law create, or permit municipalities to create, municipal courts? Score: 0 = yes 0	A4 Arizona A4 What does state law grant municipal courts jurisdiction over? Score: 0 = all municipal code prosecutions and some state cases, such as certain state law misdemeanors 0	B1 Arizona B1 Does state law prohibit municipalities from budgeting for future revenue obtained through fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 0 = no 0	B2 Arizona B2 How many taxation-based options for raising revenue does state law make available to municipalities? Score: 1 = any two of property, sales and income taxes 1	B3 Arizona B3 What percentage of a municipality’s budget must come from revenue sources other than fines and fees? Score: 0% = 0% 0%	B4 Arizona B4 To what extent does state law restrict the discretion of municipalities in allocating the fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 0 = unrestricted 0	B5 Arizona B5 To what extent does the state, as a matter of law, provide funding for the municipal court system? Score: 0 = unfunded 0	B6 Arizona B6 Does state law specifically protect municipalities from having to provide public services through unfunded mandates? Score: 0 = no 0	B7 Arizona B7 Does state law require that municipal courts function independently of their legislative and executive counterparts in municipal government? Score: 0 = no, municipal court system barely regulated, if at all 0	B8i Arizona B8i Does state law attempt to shield the institutional or individual interests of municipal court personnel from reprisals for case outcomes unfavorable to municipalities? Score: 0 = no, municipal courts barely regulated, if at all 0	B8ii Arizona B8ii Has state law set minimum ethics and professionalism standards for municipal courts, judges, prosecutors, law enforcement and other personnel? Score: 0 = no, municipal courts barely regulated, if at all 0	C1 Arizona C1 Does state law permit municipal courts to increase the number of offenses that require in-person court appearances before fines and fees can be paid? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	C2 Arizona C2 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts provide means by which the accused can pay fines and fees without going to court? Score: 0 = state law silent 0	C3 Arizona C3 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts post a schedule of their predetermined fines and fees online or at the courthouse or other public place? Score: 0 = state law silent 0	C4 Arizona C4 To what extent does state law require that municipal courts consider accepting partial payments of fines and fees? Score: 1 = permitted or encouraged 1	D1 Arizona D1 To what extent does state law require or permit suspension of a driver’s license if traffic or ordinance violation fines are not paid on time or if the individual fails to appear in court? Score: 1 = required or permitted in some cases 1	D2 Arizona D2 To what extent does state law require or permit the suspension of a driver’s license for the nonpayment of fees? Score: 1 = required or permitted in some cases 1	D3 Arizona D3 To what extent does state law permit courts to determine, without specific criteria, when the individual has sufficiently complied with court directions to lift a driver’s license suspension? Score: 2 = provides holistic criteria to apply, such as whether partial payments have been made on outstanding fines and fees, or prohibits suspension of licenses in traffic or municipal ordinance cases 2	E1i Arizona E1i Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain a description of the alleged municipal code violation? Score: 1 = yes 1	E1ii Arizona E1ii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the section or provision number of the municipal code said to be violated? Score: 1 = yes 1	E1iii Arizona E1iii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name and address of the accused? Score: 0 = no 0	E1iv Arizona E1iv Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name of the person or municipal entity issuing the citation? Score: 0 = no 0	E1v Arizona E1v Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain an order for the accused to appear in municipal court at a stated time and place? Score: 1 = yes 1	E1vi Arizona E1vi Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused does not have to appear in court if they follow stipulated alternate procedure(s)? Score: 0 = no 0	E1vii Arizona E1vii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain caution that the accused may be arrested if they fail either to appear in municipal court or to follow the alternate procedure(s)? Score: 1 = yes 1	E1viii Arizona E1viii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused may demand a jury trial by filing a form and paying a fee when entering their appearance, plea, answer to the charge or other responsive pleading? Score: 0 = no 0	E2 Arizona E2 Does state law allow for discovery in municipal ordinance prosecutions? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	E3 Arizona E3 Does state law allow for jury trials in municipal ordinance prosecutions when requested by the accused? Score: 2 = yes, for some cases or with conditions 2	E4 Arizona E4 Does state law require municipal courts to advise the accused of the right to demand a jury trial in municipal ordinance violation cases? Score: 0 = no 0	E5i Arizona E5i To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration cannot be ordered? Score: 1 = state law silent, suggesting at least a preponderance standard 1	E5ii Arizona E5ii To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration can be ordered? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	E6i Arizona E6i Does state law provide the accused with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 2 = yes, appeal as of right 2	E6ii Arizona E6ii Does state law provide the municipality with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 0 = yes, appeal as of right 0	F1i Arizona F1i Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fines that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 1 = yes 1	F1ii Arizona F1ii Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fees that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 1 = state law regulates fees related to municipal ordinance violations or court costs but does not expressly bar new fees or costs 1	F2 Arizona F2 To what extent does state law authorize judges to set a fine below any minimum provided in the municipal code? Score: 0 = not authorized 0	F3i Arizona F3i If a person is assessed court or prosecution fees, does state law require the court to incorporate those amounts into its order? Score: 0 = no 0	F3ii Arizona F3ii If a person is to be assessed fees, does state law require the court to specify the names of those fees in its order? Score: 0 = no 0	F4 Arizona F4 Does state law mandate that no court fees shall be assessed if the case is dismissed? Score: 0 = state law permits fees to be charged regardless of whether a case is dismissed or defers to the discretion of the municipal court or municipality 0	F5 Arizona F5 Does state law require municipal courts to consider non-jail alternative punishments—such as community service, educational programs, or school or work attendance—instead of fines and fees? Score: 2 = encouraged or required 2	G1 Arizona G1 Does state law specifically prohibit incarceration where the individual is economically unable to pay the fines or fees? Score: 1 = yes 1	G2 Arizona G2 Are indirect attempts to collect fines or fees, by incarcerating individuals unable to pay them for contempt of court or threatening incarceration, prohibited by state law? Score: 2 = prohibited 2	G3 Arizona G3 Does state law require that an ability-to-pay hearing be held before incarceration for nonpayment? Score: 1 = yes 1	G4 Arizona G4 Does state law require that notice be provided at a reasonable time before an ability-to-pay hearing? Score: 2 = yes 2	G5 Arizona G5 Does state law require that the individual be notified of a right to counsel, including a public defender or a court-appointed attorney, for an ability-to-pay hearing or any proceeding that may result in incarceration? Score: 2 = yes 2	G6 Arizona G6 Does state law require that the court at an ability-to-pay hearing inquire and make a formal determination as to an individual’s ability to pay a fine, supported by findings of fact and based on the evidence presented? Score: 1 = yes 1	G7i Arizona G7i Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fines? Score: 0 = yes 0	G7ii Arizona G7ii Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fees? Score: 0 = yes 0	G8i Arizona G8i Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fines? Score: 0 = yes 0	G8ii Arizona G8ii Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fees? Score: 0 = yes 0
Arkansas	A1 Arkansas A1 Does state law allow some or all municipalities to enact municipal charters and codes? Score: 1 = no 1	A2 Arkansas A2 Does state law permit municipalities to enact provisions that regulate the same or similar conduct as state laws? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	A3 Arkansas A3 Does state law create, or permit municipalities to create, municipal courts? Score: 1 = no 1	A4 Arkansas A4 What does state law grant municipal courts jurisdiction over? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	B1 Arkansas B1 Does state law prohibit municipalities from budgeting for future revenue obtained through fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 2 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 2	B2 Arkansas B2 How many taxation-based options for raising revenue does state law make available to municipalities? Score: 2 = property, sales and income taxes 2	B3 Arkansas B3 What percentage of a municipality’s budget must come from revenue sources other than fines and fees? Score: 0% = 0% 0%	B4 Arkansas B4 To what extent does state law restrict the discretion of municipalities in allocating the fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	B5 Arkansas B5 To what extent does the state, as a matter of law, provide funding for the municipal court system? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no funding or regulation necessary 3	B6 Arkansas B6 Does state law specifically protect municipalities from having to provide public services through unfunded mandates? Score: 0 = no 0	B7 Arkansas B7 Does state law require that municipal courts function independently of their legislative and executive counterparts in municipal government? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	B8i Arkansas B8i Does state law attempt to shield the institutional or individual interests of municipal court personnel from reprisals for case outcomes unfavorable to municipalities? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	B8ii Arkansas B8ii Has state law set minimum ethics and professionalism standards for municipal courts, judges, prosecutors, law enforcement and other personnel? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	C1 Arkansas C1 Does state law permit municipal courts to increase the number of offenses that require in-person court appearances before fines and fees can be paid? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	C2 Arkansas C2 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts provide means by which the accused can pay fines and fees without going to court? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	C3 Arkansas C3 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts post a schedule of their predetermined fines and fees online or at the courthouse or other public place? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	C4 Arkansas C4 To what extent does state law require that municipal courts consider accepting partial payments of fines and fees? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	D1 Arkansas D1 To what extent does state law require or permit suspension of a driver’s license if traffic or ordinance violation fines are not paid on time or if the individual fails to appear in court? Score: 1 = required or permitted in some cases 1	D2 Arkansas D2 To what extent does state law require or permit the suspension of a driver’s license for the nonpayment of fees? Score: 1 = required or permitted in some cases 1	D3 Arkansas D3 To what extent does state law permit courts to determine, without specific criteria, when the individual has sufficiently complied with court directions to lift a driver’s license suspension? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	E1i Arkansas E1i Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain a description of the alleged municipal code violation? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1ii Arkansas E1ii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the section or provision number of the municipal code said to be violated? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1iii Arkansas E1iii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name and address of the accused? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1iv Arkansas E1iv Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name of the person or municipal entity issuing the citation? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1v Arkansas E1v Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain an order for the accused to appear in municipal court at a stated time and place? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1vi Arkansas E1vi Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused does not have to appear in court if they follow stipulated alternate procedure(s)? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1vii Arkansas E1vii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain caution that the accused may be arrested if they fail either to appear in municipal court or to follow the alternate procedure(s)? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1viii Arkansas E1viii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused may demand a jury trial by filing a form and paying a fee when entering their appearance, plea, answer to the charge or other responsive pleading? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E2 Arkansas E2 Does state law allow for discovery in municipal ordinance prosecutions? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system 4	E3 Arkansas E3 Does state law allow for jury trials in municipal ordinance prosecutions when requested by the accused? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system 4	E4 Arkansas E4 Does state law require municipal courts to advise the accused of the right to demand a jury trial in municipal ordinance violation cases? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	E5i Arkansas E5i To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration cannot be ordered? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system 4	E5ii Arkansas E5ii To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration can be ordered? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system or because incarceration cannot be ordered by a municipal court for an ordinance violation 4	E6i Arkansas E6i Does state law provide the accused with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 3 = n/a as no municipal court system 3	E6ii Arkansas E6ii Does state law provide the municipality with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 3 = n/a as no municipal court system 3	F1i Arkansas F1i Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fines that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 1 = yes 1	F1ii Arkansas F1ii Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fees that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 2 = state law bars new fees or court costs related to municipal ordinance violations 2	F2 Arkansas F2 To what extent does state law authorize judges to set a fine below any minimum provided in the municipal code? Score: 0 = not authorized 0	F3i Arkansas F3i If a person is assessed court or prosecution fees, does state law require the court to incorporate those amounts into its order? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	F3ii Arkansas F3ii If a person is to be assessed fees, does state law require the court to specify the names of those fees in its order? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	F4 Arkansas F4 Does state law mandate that no court fees shall be assessed if the case is dismissed? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	F5 Arkansas F5 Does state law require municipal courts to consider non-jail alternative punishments—such as community service, educational programs, or school or work attendance—instead of fines and fees? Score: 3 = n/a as no municipal court system 3	G1 Arkansas G1 Does state law specifically prohibit incarceration where the individual is economically unable to pay the fines or fees? Score: 1 = yes 1	G2 Arkansas G2 Are indirect attempts to collect fines or fees, by incarcerating individuals unable to pay them for contempt of court or threatening incarceration, prohibited by state law? Score: 2 = prohibited 2	G3 Arkansas G3 Does state law require that an ability-to-pay hearing be held before incarceration for nonpayment? Score: 1 = yes 1	G4 Arkansas G4 Does state law require that notice be provided at a reasonable time before an ability-to-pay hearing? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G5 Arkansas G5 Does state law require that the individual be notified of a right to counsel, including a public defender or a court-appointed attorney, for an ability-to-pay hearing or any proceeding that may result in incarceration? Score: 2 = yes 2	G6 Arkansas G6 Does state law require that the court at an ability-to-pay hearing inquire and make a formal determination as to an individual’s ability to pay a fine, supported by findings of fact and based on the evidence presented? Score: 1 = yes 1	G7i Arkansas G7i Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fines? Score: 0 = yes 0	G7ii Arkansas G7ii Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fees? Score: 0 = yes 0	G8i Arkansas G8i Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fines? Score: 0 = yes 0	G8ii Arkansas G8ii Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fees? Score: 0 = yes 0
California	A1 California A1 Does state law allow some or all municipalities to enact municipal charters and codes? Score: 0 = yes 0	A2 California A2 Does state law permit municipalities to enact provisions that regulate the same or similar conduct as state laws? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	A3 California A3 Does state law create, or permit municipalities to create, municipal courts? Score: 1 = no 1	A4 California A4 What does state law grant municipal courts jurisdiction over? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	B1 California B1 Does state law prohibit municipalities from budgeting for future revenue obtained through fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 2 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 2	B2 California B2 How many taxation-based options for raising revenue does state law make available to municipalities? Score: 1 = any two of property, sales and income taxes 1	B3 California B3 What percentage of a municipality’s budget must come from revenue sources other than fines and fees? Score: 0% = 0% 0%	B4 California B4 To what extent does state law restrict the discretion of municipalities in allocating the fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	B5 California B5 To what extent does the state, as a matter of law, provide funding for the municipal court system? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no funding or regulation necessary 3	B6 California B6 Does state law specifically protect municipalities from having to provide public services through unfunded mandates? Score: 0 = no 0	B7 California B7 Does state law require that municipal courts function independently of their legislative and executive counterparts in municipal government? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	B8i California B8i Does state law attempt to shield the institutional or individual interests of municipal court personnel from reprisals for case outcomes unfavorable to municipalities? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	B8ii California B8ii Has state law set minimum ethics and professionalism standards for municipal courts, judges, prosecutors, law enforcement and other personnel? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	C1 California C1 Does state law permit municipal courts to increase the number of offenses that require in-person court appearances before fines and fees can be paid? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	C2 California C2 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts provide means by which the accused can pay fines and fees without going to court? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	C3 California C3 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts post a schedule of their predetermined fines and fees online or at the courthouse or other public place? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	C4 California C4 To what extent does state law require that municipal courts consider accepting partial payments of fines and fees? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	D1 California D1 To what extent does state law require or permit suspension of a driver’s license if traffic or ordinance violation fines are not paid on time or if the individual fails to appear in court? Score: 1 = required or permitted in some cases 1	D2 California D2 To what extent does state law require or permit the suspension of a driver’s license for the nonpayment of fees? Score: 2 = state law silent 2	D3 California D3 To what extent does state law permit courts to determine, without specific criteria, when the individual has sufficiently complied with court directions to lift a driver’s license suspension? Score: 2 = provides holistic criteria to apply, such as whether partial payments have been made on outstanding fines and fees, or prohibits suspension of licenses in traffic or municipal ordinance cases 2	E1i California E1i Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain a description of the alleged municipal code violation? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1ii California E1ii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the section or provision number of the municipal code said to be violated? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1iii California E1iii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name and address of the accused? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1iv California E1iv Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name of the person or municipal entity issuing the citation? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1v California E1v Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain an order for the accused to appear in municipal court at a stated time and place? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1vi California E1vi Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused does not have to appear in court if they follow stipulated alternate procedure(s)? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1vii California E1vii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain caution that the accused may be arrested if they fail either to appear in municipal court or to follow the alternate procedure(s)? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1viii California E1viii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused may demand a jury trial by filing a form and paying a fee when entering their appearance, plea, answer to the charge or other responsive pleading? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E2 California E2 Does state law allow for discovery in municipal ordinance prosecutions? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system 4	E3 California E3 Does state law allow for jury trials in municipal ordinance prosecutions when requested by the accused? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system 4	E4 California E4 Does state law require municipal courts to advise the accused of the right to demand a jury trial in municipal ordinance violation cases? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	E5i California E5i To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration cannot be ordered? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system 4	E5ii California E5ii To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration can be ordered? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system or because incarceration cannot be ordered by a municipal court for an ordinance violation 4	E6i California E6i Does state law provide the accused with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 3 = n/a as no municipal court system 3	E6ii California E6ii Does state law provide the municipality with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 3 = n/a as no municipal court system 3	F1i California F1i Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fines that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 1 = yes 1	F1ii California F1ii Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fees that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 1 = state law regulates fees related to municipal ordinance violations or court costs but does not expressly bar new fees or costs 1	F2 California F2 To what extent does state law authorize judges to set a fine below any minimum provided in the municipal code? Score: 0 = not authorized 0	F3i California F3i If a person is assessed court or prosecution fees, does state law require the court to incorporate those amounts into its order? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	F3ii California F3ii If a person is to be assessed fees, does state law require the court to specify the names of those fees in its order? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	F4 California F4 Does state law mandate that no court fees shall be assessed if the case is dismissed? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	F5 California F5 Does state law require municipal courts to consider non-jail alternative punishments—such as community service, educational programs, or school or work attendance—instead of fines and fees? Score: 3 = n/a as no municipal court system 3	G1 California G1 Does state law specifically prohibit incarceration where the individual is economically unable to pay the fines or fees? Score: 1 = yes 1	G2 California G2 Are indirect attempts to collect fines or fees, by incarcerating individuals unable to pay them for contempt of court or threatening incarceration, prohibited by state law? Score: 2 = prohibited 2	G3 California G3 Does state law require that an ability-to-pay hearing be held before incarceration for nonpayment? Score: 1 = yes 1	G4 California G4 Does state law require that notice be provided at a reasonable time before an ability-to-pay hearing? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G5 California G5 Does state law require that the individual be notified of a right to counsel, including a public defender or a court-appointed attorney, for an ability-to-pay hearing or any proceeding that may result in incarceration? Score: 2 = yes 2	G6 California G6 Does state law require that the court at an ability-to-pay hearing inquire and make a formal determination as to an individual’s ability to pay a fine, supported by findings of fact and based on the evidence presented? Score: 1 = yes 1	G7i California G7i Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fines? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G7ii California G7ii Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fees? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G8i California G8i Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fines? Score: 0 = yes 0	G8ii California G8ii Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fees? Score: 1 = state law silent 1
Colorado	A1 Colorado A1 Does state law allow some or all municipalities to enact municipal charters and codes? Score: 0 = yes 0	A2 Colorado A2 Does state law permit municipalities to enact provisions that regulate the same or similar conduct as state laws? Score: 0 = yes 0	A3 Colorado A3 Does state law create, or permit municipalities to create, municipal courts? Score: 0 = yes 0	A4 Colorado A4 What does state law grant municipal courts jurisdiction over? Score: 1 = all municipal code prosecutions 1	B1 Colorado B1 Does state law prohibit municipalities from budgeting for future revenue obtained through fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 0 = no 0	B2 Colorado B2 How many taxation-based options for raising revenue does state law make available to municipalities? Score: 1 = any two of property, sales and income taxes 1	B3 Colorado B3 What percentage of a municipality’s budget must come from revenue sources other than fines and fees? Score: 0% = 0% 0%	B4 Colorado B4 To what extent does state law restrict the discretion of municipalities in allocating the fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 0 = unrestricted 0	B5 Colorado B5 To what extent does the state, as a matter of law, provide funding for the municipal court system? Score: 0 = unfunded 0	B6 Colorado B6 Does state law specifically protect municipalities from having to provide public services through unfunded mandates? Score: 0 = no 0	B7 Colorado B7 Does state law require that municipal courts function independently of their legislative and executive counterparts in municipal government? Score: 0 = no, municipal court system barely regulated, if at all 0	B8i Colorado B8i Does state law attempt to shield the institutional or individual interests of municipal court personnel from reprisals for case outcomes unfavorable to municipalities? Score: 0 = no, municipal courts barely regulated, if at all 0	B8ii Colorado B8ii Has state law set minimum ethics and professionalism standards for municipal courts, judges, prosecutors, law enforcement and other personnel? Score: 0 = no, municipal courts barely regulated, if at all 0	C1 Colorado C1 Does state law permit municipal courts to increase the number of offenses that require in-person court appearances before fines and fees can be paid? Score: 0 = yes 0	C2 Colorado C2 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts provide means by which the accused can pay fines and fees without going to court? Score: 1 = permitted or encouraged 1	C3 Colorado C3 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts post a schedule of their predetermined fines and fees online or at the courthouse or other public place? Score: 2 = required 2	C4 Colorado C4 To what extent does state law require that municipal courts consider accepting partial payments of fines and fees? Score: 1 = permitted or encouraged 1	D1 Colorado D1 To what extent does state law require or permit suspension of a driver’s license if traffic or ordinance violation fines are not paid on time or if the individual fails to appear in court? Score: 2 = state law silent 2	D2 Colorado D2 To what extent does state law require or permit the suspension of a driver’s license for the nonpayment of fees? Score: 2 = state law silent 2	D3 Colorado D3 To what extent does state law permit courts to determine, without specific criteria, when the individual has sufficiently complied with court directions to lift a driver’s license suspension? Score: 2 = provides holistic criteria to apply, such as whether partial payments have been made on outstanding fines and fees, or prohibits suspension of licenses in traffic or municipal ordinance cases 2	E1i Colorado E1i Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain a description of the alleged municipal code violation? Score: 0 = no 0	E1ii Colorado E1ii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the section or provision number of the municipal code said to be violated? Score: 0 = no 0	E1iii Colorado E1iii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name and address of the accused? Score: 0 = no 0	E1iv Colorado E1iv Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name of the person or municipal entity issuing the citation? Score: 0 = no 0	E1v Colorado E1v Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain an order for the accused to appear in municipal court at a stated time and place? Score: 0 = no 0	E1vi Colorado E1vi Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused does not have to appear in court if they follow stipulated alternate procedure(s)? Score: 0 = no 0	E1vii Colorado E1vii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain caution that the accused may be arrested if they fail either to appear in municipal court or to follow the alternate procedure(s)? Score: 0 = no 0	E1viii Colorado E1viii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused may demand a jury trial by filing a form and paying a fee when entering their appearance, plea, answer to the charge or other responsive pleading? Score: 0 = no 0	E2 Colorado E2 Does state law allow for discovery in municipal ordinance prosecutions? Score: 2 = yes, but requires leave of the court 2	E3 Colorado E3 Does state law allow for jury trials in municipal ordinance prosecutions when requested by the accused? Score: 2 = yes, for some cases or with conditions 2	E4 Colorado E4 Does state law require municipal courts to advise the accused of the right to demand a jury trial in municipal ordinance violation cases? Score: 1 = yes 1	E5i Colorado E5i To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration cannot be ordered? Score: 1 = state law silent, suggesting at least a preponderance standard 1	E5ii Colorado E5ii To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration can be ordered? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	E6i Colorado E6i Does state law provide the accused with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 2 = yes, appeal as of right 2	E6ii Colorado E6ii Does state law provide the municipality with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 1 = yes, but requires leave of the court or only in some cases 1	F1i Colorado F1i Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fines that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 1 = yes 1	F1ii Colorado F1ii Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fees that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 0 = state law does not regulate fees related to municipal ordinance violations or court costs 0	F2 Colorado F2 To what extent does state law authorize judges to set a fine below any minimum provided in the municipal code? Score: 0 = not authorized 0	F3i Colorado F3i If a person is assessed court or prosecution fees, does state law require the court to incorporate those amounts into its order? Score: 0 = no 0	F3ii Colorado F3ii If a person is to be assessed fees, does state law require the court to specify the names of those fees in its order? Score: 0 = no 0	F4 Colorado F4 Does state law mandate that no court fees shall be assessed if the case is dismissed? Score: 1 = mandated 1	F5 Colorado F5 Does state law require municipal courts to consider non-jail alternative punishments—such as community service, educational programs, or school or work attendance—instead of fines and fees? Score: 0 = no 0	G1 Colorado G1 Does state law specifically prohibit incarceration where the individual is economically unable to pay the fines or fees? Score: 1 = yes 1	G2 Colorado G2 Are indirect attempts to collect fines or fees, by incarcerating individuals unable to pay them for contempt of court or threatening incarceration, prohibited by state law? Score: 2 = prohibited 2	G3 Colorado G3 Does state law require that an ability-to-pay hearing be held before incarceration for nonpayment? Score: 1 = yes 1	G4 Colorado G4 Does state law require that notice be provided at a reasonable time before an ability-to-pay hearing? Score: 2 = yes 2	G5 Colorado G5 Does state law require that the individual be notified of a right to counsel, including a public defender or a court-appointed attorney, for an ability-to-pay hearing or any proceeding that may result in incarceration? Score: 2 = yes 2	G6 Colorado G6 Does state law require that the court at an ability-to-pay hearing inquire and make a formal determination as to an individual’s ability to pay a fine, supported by findings of fact and based on the evidence presented? Score: 1 = yes 1	G7i Colorado G7i Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fines? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G7ii Colorado G7ii Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fees? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G8i Colorado G8i Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fines? Score: 0 = yes 0	G8ii Colorado G8ii Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fees? Score: 0 = yes 0
Connecticut	A1 Connecticut A1 Does state law allow some or all municipalities to enact municipal charters and codes? Score: 0 = yes 0	A2 Connecticut A2 Does state law permit municipalities to enact provisions that regulate the same or similar conduct as state laws? Score: 0 = yes 0	A3 Connecticut A3 Does state law create, or permit municipalities to create, municipal courts? Score: 1 = no 1	A4 Connecticut A4 What does state law grant municipal courts jurisdiction over? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	B1 Connecticut B1 Does state law prohibit municipalities from budgeting for future revenue obtained through fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 2 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 2	B2 Connecticut B2 How many taxation-based options for raising revenue does state law make available to municipalities? Score: 0 = property, sales or income tax 0	B3 Connecticut B3 What percentage of a municipality’s budget must come from revenue sources other than fines and fees? Score: 0% = 0% 0%	B4 Connecticut B4 To what extent does state law restrict the discretion of municipalities in allocating the fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	B5 Connecticut B5 To what extent does the state, as a matter of law, provide funding for the municipal court system? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no funding or regulation necessary 3	B6 Connecticut B6 Does state law specifically protect municipalities from having to provide public services through unfunded mandates? Score: 0 = no 0	B7 Connecticut B7 Does state law require that municipal courts function independently of their legislative and executive counterparts in municipal government? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	B8i Connecticut B8i Does state law attempt to shield the institutional or individual interests of municipal court personnel from reprisals for case outcomes unfavorable to municipalities? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	B8ii Connecticut B8ii Has state law set minimum ethics and professionalism standards for municipal courts, judges, prosecutors, law enforcement and other personnel? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	C1 Connecticut C1 Does state law permit municipal courts to increase the number of offenses that require in-person court appearances before fines and fees can be paid? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	C2 Connecticut C2 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts provide means by which the accused can pay fines and fees without going to court? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	C3 Connecticut C3 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts post a schedule of their predetermined fines and fees online or at the courthouse or other public place? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	C4 Connecticut C4 To what extent does state law require that municipal courts consider accepting partial payments of fines and fees? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	D1 Connecticut D1 To what extent does state law require or permit suspension of a driver’s license if traffic or ordinance violation fines are not paid on time or if the individual fails to appear in court? Score: 1 = required or permitted in some cases 1	D2 Connecticut D2 To what extent does state law require or permit the suspension of a driver’s license for the nonpayment of fees? Score: 1 = required or permitted in some cases 1	D3 Connecticut D3 To what extent does state law permit courts to determine, without specific criteria, when the individual has sufficiently complied with court directions to lift a driver’s license suspension? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	E1i Connecticut E1i Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain a description of the alleged municipal code violation? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1ii Connecticut E1ii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the section or provision number of the municipal code said to be violated? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1iii Connecticut E1iii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name and address of the accused? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1iv Connecticut E1iv Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name of the person or municipal entity issuing the citation? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1v Connecticut E1v Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain an order for the accused to appear in municipal court at a stated time and place? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1vi Connecticut E1vi Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused does not have to appear in court if they follow stipulated alternate procedure(s)? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1vii Connecticut E1vii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain caution that the accused may be arrested if they fail either to appear in municipal court or to follow the alternate procedure(s)? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1viii Connecticut E1viii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused may demand a jury trial by filing a form and paying a fee when entering their appearance, plea, answer to the charge or other responsive pleading? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E2 Connecticut E2 Does state law allow for discovery in municipal ordinance prosecutions? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system 4	E3 Connecticut E3 Does state law allow for jury trials in municipal ordinance prosecutions when requested by the accused? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system 4	E4 Connecticut E4 Does state law require municipal courts to advise the accused of the right to demand a jury trial in municipal ordinance violation cases? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	E5i Connecticut E5i To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration cannot be ordered? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system 4	E5ii Connecticut E5ii To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration can be ordered? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system or because incarceration cannot be ordered by a municipal court for an ordinance violation 4	E6i Connecticut E6i Does state law provide the accused with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 3 = n/a as no municipal court system 3	E6ii Connecticut E6ii Does state law provide the municipality with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 3 = n/a as no municipal court system 3	F1i Connecticut F1i Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fines that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 1 = yes 1	F1ii Connecticut F1ii Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fees that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 0 = state law does not regulate fees related to municipal ordinance violations or court costs 0	F2 Connecticut F2 To what extent does state law authorize judges to set a fine below any minimum provided in the municipal code? Score: 0 = not authorized 0	F3i Connecticut F3i If a person is assessed court or prosecution fees, does state law require the court to incorporate those amounts into its order? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	F3ii Connecticut F3ii If a person is to be assessed fees, does state law require the court to specify the names of those fees in its order? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	F4 Connecticut F4 Does state law mandate that no court fees shall be assessed if the case is dismissed? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	F5 Connecticut F5 Does state law require municipal courts to consider non-jail alternative punishments—such as community service, educational programs, or school or work attendance—instead of fines and fees? Score: 3 = n/a as no municipal court system 3	G1 Connecticut G1 Does state law specifically prohibit incarceration where the individual is economically unable to pay the fines or fees? Score: 1 = yes 1	G2 Connecticut G2 Are indirect attempts to collect fines or fees, by incarcerating individuals unable to pay them for contempt of court or threatening incarceration, prohibited by state law? Score: 2 = prohibited 2	G3 Connecticut G3 Does state law require that an ability-to-pay hearing be held before incarceration for nonpayment? Score: 1 = yes 1	G4 Connecticut G4 Does state law require that notice be provided at a reasonable time before an ability-to-pay hearing? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G5 Connecticut G5 Does state law require that the individual be notified of a right to counsel, including a public defender or a court-appointed attorney, for an ability-to-pay hearing or any proceeding that may result in incarceration? Score: 2 = yes 2	G6 Connecticut G6 Does state law require that the court at an ability-to-pay hearing inquire and make a formal determination as to an individual’s ability to pay a fine, supported by findings of fact and based on the evidence presented? Score: 1 = yes 1	G7i Connecticut G7i Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fines? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G7ii Connecticut G7ii Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fees? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G8i Connecticut G8i Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fines? Score: 0 = yes 0	G8ii Connecticut G8ii Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fees? Score: 0 = yes 0
Delaware	A1 Delaware A1 Does state law allow some or all municipalities to enact municipal charters and codes? Score: 0 = yes 0	A2 Delaware A2 Does state law permit municipalities to enact provisions that regulate the same or similar conduct as state laws? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	A3 Delaware A3 Does state law create, or permit municipalities to create, municipal courts? Score: 0 = yes 0	A4 Delaware A4 What does state law grant municipal courts jurisdiction over? Score: 2 = some but not all municipal code prosecutions 2	B1 Delaware B1 Does state law prohibit municipalities from budgeting for future revenue obtained through fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 0 = no 0	B2 Delaware B2 How many taxation-based options for raising revenue does state law make available to municipalities? Score: 0 = property, sales or income tax 0	B3 Delaware B3 What percentage of a municipality’s budget must come from revenue sources other than fines and fees? Score: 0% = 0% 0%	B4 Delaware B4 To what extent does state law restrict the discretion of municipalities in allocating the fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 0 = unrestricted 0	B5 Delaware B5 To what extent does the state, as a matter of law, provide funding for the municipal court system? Score: 0 = unfunded 0	B6 Delaware B6 Does state law specifically protect municipalities from having to provide public services through unfunded mandates? Score: 0 = no 0	B7 Delaware B7 Does state law require that municipal courts function independently of their legislative and executive counterparts in municipal government? Score: 0 = no, municipal court system barely regulated, if at all 0	B8i Delaware B8i Does state law attempt to shield the institutional or individual interests of municipal court personnel from reprisals for case outcomes unfavorable to municipalities? Score: 0 = no, municipal courts barely regulated, if at all 0	B8ii Delaware B8ii Has state law set minimum ethics and professionalism standards for municipal courts, judges, prosecutors, law enforcement and other personnel? Score: 0 = no, municipal courts barely regulated, if at all 0	C1 Delaware C1 Does state law permit municipal courts to increase the number of offenses that require in-person court appearances before fines and fees can be paid? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	C2 Delaware C2 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts provide means by which the accused can pay fines and fees without going to court? Score: 2 = required 2	C3 Delaware C3 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts post a schedule of their predetermined fines and fees online or at the courthouse or other public place? Score: 0 = state law silent 0	C4 Delaware C4 To what extent does state law require that municipal courts consider accepting partial payments of fines and fees? Score: 0 = state law silent 0	D1 Delaware D1 To what extent does state law require or permit suspension of a driver’s license if traffic or ordinance violation fines are not paid on time or if the individual fails to appear in court? Score: 1 = required or permitted in some cases 1	D2 Delaware D2 To what extent does state law require or permit the suspension of a driver’s license for the nonpayment of fees? Score: 1 = required or permitted in some cases 1	D3 Delaware D3 To what extent does state law permit courts to determine, without specific criteria, when the individual has sufficiently complied with court directions to lift a driver’s license suspension? Score: 0 = requires full payment of all fines and fees owed 0	E1i Delaware E1i Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain a description of the alleged municipal code violation? Score: 0 = no 0	E1ii Delaware E1ii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the section or provision number of the municipal code said to be violated? Score: 0 = no 0	E1iii Delaware E1iii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name and address of the accused? Score: 0 = no 0	E1iv Delaware E1iv Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name of the person or municipal entity issuing the citation? Score: 0 = no 0	E1v Delaware E1v Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain an order for the accused to appear in municipal court at a stated time and place? Score: 0 = no 0	E1vi Delaware E1vi Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused does not have to appear in court if they follow stipulated alternate procedure(s)? Score: 0 = no 0	E1vii Delaware E1vii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain caution that the accused may be arrested if they fail either to appear in municipal court or to follow the alternate procedure(s)? Score: 0 = no 0	E1viii Delaware E1viii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused may demand a jury trial by filing a form and paying a fee when entering their appearance, plea, answer to the charge or other responsive pleading? Score: 0 = no 0	E2 Delaware E2 Does state law allow for discovery in municipal ordinance prosecutions? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	E3 Delaware E3 Does state law allow for jury trials in municipal ordinance prosecutions when requested by the accused? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	E4 Delaware E4 Does state law require municipal courts to advise the accused of the right to demand a jury trial in municipal ordinance violation cases? Score: 0 = no 0	E5i Delaware E5i To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration cannot be ordered? Score: 1 = state law silent, suggesting at least a preponderance standard 1	E5ii Delaware E5ii To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration can be ordered? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system or because incarceration cannot be ordered by a municipal court for an ordinance violation 4	E6i Delaware E6i Does state law provide the accused with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 2 = yes, appeal as of right 2	E6ii Delaware E6ii Does state law provide the municipality with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 2 = no 2	F1i Delaware F1i Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fines that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 1 = yes 1	F1ii Delaware F1ii Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fees that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 0 = state law does not regulate fees related to municipal ordinance violations or court costs 0	F2 Delaware F2 To what extent does state law authorize judges to set a fine below any minimum provided in the municipal code? Score: 0 = not authorized 0	F3i Delaware F3i If a person is assessed court or prosecution fees, does state law require the court to incorporate those amounts into its order? Score: 0 = no 0	F3ii Delaware F3ii If a person is to be assessed fees, does state law require the court to specify the names of those fees in its order? Score: 0 = no 0	F4 Delaware F4 Does state law mandate that no court fees shall be assessed if the case is dismissed? Score: 0 = state law permits fees to be charged regardless of whether a case is dismissed or defers to the discretion of the municipal court or municipality 0	F5 Delaware F5 Does state law require municipal courts to consider non-jail alternative punishments—such as community service, educational programs, or school or work attendance—instead of fines and fees? Score: 0 = no 0	G1 Delaware G1 Does state law specifically prohibit incarceration where the individual is economically unable to pay the fines or fees? Score: 1 = yes 1	G2 Delaware G2 Are indirect attempts to collect fines or fees, by incarcerating individuals unable to pay them for contempt of court or threatening incarceration, prohibited by state law? Score: 3 = incarceration not a penalty for nonpayment 3	G3 Delaware G3 Does state law require that an ability-to-pay hearing be held before incarceration for nonpayment? Score: 2 = incarceration not a penalty for nonpayment 2	G4 Delaware G4 Does state law require that notice be provided at a reasonable time before an ability-to-pay hearing? Score: 3 = n/a as incarceration not a penalty for nonpayment 3	G5 Delaware G5 Does state law require that the individual be notified of a right to counsel, including a public defender or a court-appointed attorney, for an ability-to-pay hearing or any proceeding that may result in incarceration? Score: 2 = yes 2	G6 Delaware G6 Does state law require that the court at an ability-to-pay hearing inquire and make a formal determination as to an individual’s ability to pay a fine, supported by findings of fact and based on the evidence presented? Score: 2 = n/a as incarceration not a penalty for nonpayment 2	G7i Delaware G7i Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fines? Score: 3 = n/a as municipalities do not control the collection process 3	G7ii Delaware G7ii Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fees? Score: 3 = n/a as municipalities do not control the collection process 3	G8i Delaware G8i Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fines? Score: 3 = n/a as municipalities do not control the collection process 3	G8ii Delaware G8ii Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fees? Score: 3 = n/a as municipalities do not control the collection process 3
Florida	A1 Florida A1 Does state law allow some or all municipalities to enact municipal charters and codes? Score: 0 = yes 0	A2 Florida A2 Does state law permit municipalities to enact provisions that regulate the same or similar conduct as state laws? Score: 0 = yes 0	A3 Florida A3 Does state law create, or permit municipalities to create, municipal courts? Score: 1 = no 1	A4 Florida A4 What does state law grant municipal courts jurisdiction over? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	B1 Florida B1 Does state law prohibit municipalities from budgeting for future revenue obtained through fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 2 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 2	B2 Florida B2 How many taxation-based options for raising revenue does state law make available to municipalities? Score: 0 = property, sales or income tax 0	B3 Florida B3 What percentage of a municipality’s budget must come from revenue sources other than fines and fees? Score: 0% = 0% 0%	B4 Florida B4 To what extent does state law restrict the discretion of municipalities in allocating the fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	B5 Florida B5 To what extent does the state, as a matter of law, provide funding for the municipal court system? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no funding or regulation necessary 3	B6 Florida B6 Does state law specifically protect municipalities from having to provide public services through unfunded mandates? Score: 1 = yes 1	B7 Florida B7 Does state law require that municipal courts function independently of their legislative and executive counterparts in municipal government? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	B8i Florida B8i Does state law attempt to shield the institutional or individual interests of municipal court personnel from reprisals for case outcomes unfavorable to municipalities? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	B8ii Florida B8ii Has state law set minimum ethics and professionalism standards for municipal courts, judges, prosecutors, law enforcement and other personnel? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	C1 Florida C1 Does state law permit municipal courts to increase the number of offenses that require in-person court appearances before fines and fees can be paid? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	C2 Florida C2 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts provide means by which the accused can pay fines and fees without going to court? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	C3 Florida C3 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts post a schedule of their predetermined fines and fees online or at the courthouse or other public place? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	C4 Florida C4 To what extent does state law require that municipal courts consider accepting partial payments of fines and fees? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	D1 Florida D1 To what extent does state law require or permit suspension of a driver’s license if traffic or ordinance violation fines are not paid on time or if the individual fails to appear in court? Score: 1 = required or permitted in some cases 1	D2 Florida D2 To what extent does state law require or permit the suspension of a driver’s license for the nonpayment of fees? Score: 2 = state law silent 2	D3 Florida D3 To what extent does state law permit courts to determine, without specific criteria, when the individual has sufficiently complied with court directions to lift a driver’s license suspension? Score: 2 = provides holistic criteria to apply, such as whether partial payments have been made on outstanding fines and fees, or prohibits suspension of licenses in traffic or municipal ordinance cases 2	E1i Florida E1i Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain a description of the alleged municipal code violation? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1ii Florida E1ii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the section or provision number of the municipal code said to be violated? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1iii Florida E1iii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name and address of the accused? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1iv Florida E1iv Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name of the person or municipal entity issuing the citation? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1v Florida E1v Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain an order for the accused to appear in municipal court at a stated time and place? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1vi Florida E1vi Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused does not have to appear in court if they follow stipulated alternate procedure(s)? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1vii Florida E1vii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain caution that the accused may be arrested if they fail either to appear in municipal court or to follow the alternate procedure(s)? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1viii Florida E1viii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused may demand a jury trial by filing a form and paying a fee when entering their appearance, plea, answer to the charge or other responsive pleading? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E2 Florida E2 Does state law allow for discovery in municipal ordinance prosecutions? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system 4	E3 Florida E3 Does state law allow for jury trials in municipal ordinance prosecutions when requested by the accused? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system 4	E4 Florida E4 Does state law require municipal courts to advise the accused of the right to demand a jury trial in municipal ordinance violation cases? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	E5i Florida E5i To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration cannot be ordered? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system 4	E5ii Florida E5ii To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration can be ordered? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system or because incarceration cannot be ordered by a municipal court for an ordinance violation 4	E6i Florida E6i Does state law provide the accused with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 3 = n/a as no municipal court system 3	E6ii Florida E6ii Does state law provide the municipality with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 3 = n/a as no municipal court system 3	F1i Florida F1i Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fines that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 1 = yes 1	F1ii Florida F1ii Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fees that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 1 = state law regulates fees related to municipal ordinance violations or court costs but does not expressly bar new fees or costs 1	F2 Florida F2 To what extent does state law authorize judges to set a fine below any minimum provided in the municipal code? Score: 0 = not authorized 0	F3i Florida F3i If a person is assessed court or prosecution fees, does state law require the court to incorporate those amounts into its order? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	F3ii Florida F3ii If a person is to be assessed fees, does state law require the court to specify the names of those fees in its order? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	F4 Florida F4 Does state law mandate that no court fees shall be assessed if the case is dismissed? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	F5 Florida F5 Does state law require municipal courts to consider non-jail alternative punishments—such as community service, educational programs, or school or work attendance—instead of fines and fees? Score: 3 = n/a as no municipal court system 3	G1 Florida G1 Does state law specifically prohibit incarceration where the individual is economically unable to pay the fines or fees? Score: 1 = yes 1	G2 Florida G2 Are indirect attempts to collect fines or fees, by incarcerating individuals unable to pay them for contempt of court or threatening incarceration, prohibited by state law? Score: 3 = incarceration not a penalty for nonpayment 3	G3 Florida G3 Does state law require that an ability-to-pay hearing be held before incarceration for nonpayment? Score: 2 = incarceration not a penalty for nonpayment 2	G4 Florida G4 Does state law require that notice be provided at a reasonable time before an ability-to-pay hearing? Score: 3 = n/a as incarceration not a penalty for nonpayment 3	G5 Florida G5 Does state law require that the individual be notified of a right to counsel, including a public defender or a court-appointed attorney, for an ability-to-pay hearing or any proceeding that may result in incarceration? Score: 2 = yes 2	G6 Florida G6 Does state law require that the court at an ability-to-pay hearing inquire and make a formal determination as to an individual’s ability to pay a fine, supported by findings of fact and based on the evidence presented? Score: 2 = n/a as incarceration not a penalty for nonpayment 2	G7i Florida G7i Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fines? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G7ii Florida G7ii Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fees? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G8i Florida G8i Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fines? Score: 0 = yes 0	G8ii Florida G8ii Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fees? Score: 0 = yes 0
Georgia	A1 Georgia A1 Does state law allow some or all municipalities to enact municipal charters and codes? Score: 0 = yes 0	A2 Georgia A2 Does state law permit municipalities to enact provisions that regulate the same or similar conduct as state laws? Score: 0 = yes 0	A3 Georgia A3 Does state law create, or permit municipalities to create, municipal courts? Score: 0 = yes 0	A4 Georgia A4 What does state law grant municipal courts jurisdiction over? Score: 0 = all municipal code prosecutions and some state cases, such as certain state law misdemeanors 0	B1 Georgia B1 Does state law prohibit municipalities from budgeting for future revenue obtained through fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 0 = no 0	B2 Georgia B2 How many taxation-based options for raising revenue does state law make available to municipalities? Score: 1 = any two of property, sales and income taxes 1	B3 Georgia B3 What percentage of a municipality’s budget must come from revenue sources other than fines and fees? Score: 0% = 0% 0%	B4 Georgia B4 To what extent does state law restrict the discretion of municipalities in allocating the fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 0 = unrestricted 0	B5 Georgia B5 To what extent does the state, as a matter of law, provide funding for the municipal court system? Score: 0 = unfunded 0	B6 Georgia B6 Does state law specifically protect municipalities from having to provide public services through unfunded mandates? Score: 0 = no 0	B7 Georgia B7 Does state law require that municipal courts function independently of their legislative and executive counterparts in municipal government? Score: 0 = no, municipal court system barely regulated, if at all 0	B8i Georgia B8i Does state law attempt to shield the institutional or individual interests of municipal court personnel from reprisals for case outcomes unfavorable to municipalities? Score: 1 = somewhat, partial regulation of municipal courts 1	B8ii Georgia B8ii Has state law set minimum ethics and professionalism standards for municipal courts, judges, prosecutors, law enforcement and other personnel? Score: 1 = somewhat, partial regulation of municipal courts 1	C1 Georgia C1 Does state law permit municipal courts to increase the number of offenses that require in-person court appearances before fines and fees can be paid? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	C2 Georgia C2 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts provide means by which the accused can pay fines and fees without going to court? Score: 0 = state law silent 0	C3 Georgia C3 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts post a schedule of their predetermined fines and fees online or at the courthouse or other public place? Score: 0 = state law silent 0	C4 Georgia C4 To what extent does state law require that municipal courts consider accepting partial payments of fines and fees? Score: 0 = state law silent 0	D1 Georgia D1 To what extent does state law require or permit suspension of a driver’s license if traffic or ordinance violation fines are not paid on time or if the individual fails to appear in court? Score: 1 = required or permitted in some cases 1	D2 Georgia D2 To what extent does state law require or permit the suspension of a driver’s license for the nonpayment of fees? Score: 2 = state law silent 2	D3 Georgia D3 To what extent does state law permit courts to determine, without specific criteria, when the individual has sufficiently complied with court directions to lift a driver’s license suspension? Score: 0 = requires full payment of all fines and fees owed 0	E1i Georgia E1i Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain a description of the alleged municipal code violation? Score: 0 = no 0	E1ii Georgia E1ii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the section or provision number of the municipal code said to be violated? Score: 0 = no 0	E1iii Georgia E1iii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name and address of the accused? Score: 0 = no 0	E1iv Georgia E1iv Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name of the person or municipal entity issuing the citation? Score: 0 = no 0	E1v Georgia E1v Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain an order for the accused to appear in municipal court at a stated time and place? Score: 0 = no 0	E1vi Georgia E1vi Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused does not have to appear in court if they follow stipulated alternate procedure(s)? Score: 0 = no 0	E1vii Georgia E1vii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain caution that the accused may be arrested if they fail either to appear in municipal court or to follow the alternate procedure(s)? Score: 0 = no 0	E1viii Georgia E1viii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused may demand a jury trial by filing a form and paying a fee when entering their appearance, plea, answer to the charge or other responsive pleading? Score: 0 = no 0	E2 Georgia E2 Does state law allow for discovery in municipal ordinance prosecutions? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	E3 Georgia E3 Does state law allow for jury trials in municipal ordinance prosecutions when requested by the accused? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	E4 Georgia E4 Does state law require municipal courts to advise the accused of the right to demand a jury trial in municipal ordinance violation cases? Score: 0 = no 0	E5i Georgia E5i To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration cannot be ordered? Score: 1 = state law silent, suggesting at least a preponderance standard 1	E5ii Georgia E5ii To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration can be ordered? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	E6i Georgia E6i Does state law provide the accused with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 0 = no 0	E6ii Georgia E6ii Does state law provide the municipality with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 2 = no 2	F1i Georgia F1i Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fines that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 1 = yes 1	F1ii Georgia F1ii Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fees that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 1 = state law regulates fees related to municipal ordinance violations or court costs but does not expressly bar new fees or costs 1	F2 Georgia F2 To what extent does state law authorize judges to set a fine below any minimum provided in the municipal code? Score: 0 = not authorized 0	F3i Georgia F3i If a person is assessed court or prosecution fees, does state law require the court to incorporate those amounts into its order? Score: 0 = no 0	F3ii Georgia F3ii If a person is to be assessed fees, does state law require the court to specify the names of those fees in its order? Score: 0 = no 0	F4 Georgia F4 Does state law mandate that no court fees shall be assessed if the case is dismissed? Score: 1 = mandated 1	F5 Georgia F5 Does state law require municipal courts to consider non-jail alternative punishments—such as community service, educational programs, or school or work attendance—instead of fines and fees? Score: 1 = permitted 1	G1 Georgia G1 Does state law specifically prohibit incarceration where the individual is economically unable to pay the fines or fees? Score: 0 = no or not prohibited in some cases 0	G2 Georgia G2 Are indirect attempts to collect fines or fees, by incarcerating individuals unable to pay them for contempt of court or threatening incarceration, prohibited by state law? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G3 Georgia G3 Does state law require that an ability-to-pay hearing be held before incarceration for nonpayment? Score: 0 = no 0	G4 Georgia G4 Does state law require that notice be provided at a reasonable time before an ability-to-pay hearing? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G5 Georgia G5 Does state law require that the individual be notified of a right to counsel, including a public defender or a court-appointed attorney, for an ability-to-pay hearing or any proceeding that may result in incarceration? Score: 2 = yes 2	G6 Georgia G6 Does state law require that the court at an ability-to-pay hearing inquire and make a formal determination as to an individual’s ability to pay a fine, supported by findings of fact and based on the evidence presented? Score: 0 = no 0	G7i Georgia G7i Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fines? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G7ii Georgia G7ii Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fees? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G8i Georgia G8i Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fines? Score: 0 = yes 0	G8ii Georgia G8ii Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fees? Score: 0 = yes 0
Hawaii	A1 Hawaii A1 Does state law allow some or all municipalities to enact municipal charters and codes? Score: 0 = yes 0	A2 Hawaii A2 Does state law permit municipalities to enact provisions that regulate the same or similar conduct as state laws? Score: 0 = yes 0	A3 Hawaii A3 Does state law create, or permit municipalities to create, municipal courts? Score: 1 = no 1	A4 Hawaii A4 What does state law grant municipal courts jurisdiction over? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	B1 Hawaii B1 Does state law prohibit municipalities from budgeting for future revenue obtained through fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 2 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 2	B2 Hawaii B2 How many taxation-based options for raising revenue does state law make available to municipalities? Score: 0 = property, sales or income tax 0	B3 Hawaii B3 What percentage of a municipality’s budget must come from revenue sources other than fines and fees? Score: 0% = 0% 0%	B4 Hawaii B4 To what extent does state law restrict the discretion of municipalities in allocating the fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	B5 Hawaii B5 To what extent does the state, as a matter of law, provide funding for the municipal court system? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no funding or regulation necessary 3	B6 Hawaii B6 Does state law specifically protect municipalities from having to provide public services through unfunded mandates? Score: 0 = no 0	B7 Hawaii B7 Does state law require that municipal courts function independently of their legislative and executive counterparts in municipal government? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	B8i Hawaii B8i Does state law attempt to shield the institutional or individual interests of municipal court personnel from reprisals for case outcomes unfavorable to municipalities? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	B8ii Hawaii B8ii Has state law set minimum ethics and professionalism standards for municipal courts, judges, prosecutors, law enforcement and other personnel? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	C1 Hawaii C1 Does state law permit municipal courts to increase the number of offenses that require in-person court appearances before fines and fees can be paid? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	C2 Hawaii C2 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts provide means by which the accused can pay fines and fees without going to court? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	C3 Hawaii C3 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts post a schedule of their predetermined fines and fees online or at the courthouse or other public place? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	C4 Hawaii C4 To what extent does state law require that municipal courts consider accepting partial payments of fines and fees? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	D1 Hawaii D1 To what extent does state law require or permit suspension of a driver’s license if traffic or ordinance violation fines are not paid on time or if the individual fails to appear in court? Score: 3 = prohibited, unless a willful refusal to pay or another condition applies 3	D2 Hawaii D2 To what extent does state law require or permit the suspension of a driver’s license for the nonpayment of fees? Score: 3 = prohibited, unless a willful refusal to pay or another condition applies 3	D3 Hawaii D3 To what extent does state law permit courts to determine, without specific criteria, when the individual has sufficiently complied with court directions to lift a driver’s license suspension? Score: 2 = provides holistic criteria to apply, such as whether partial payments have been made on outstanding fines and fees, or prohibits suspension of licenses in traffic or municipal ordinance cases 2	E1i Hawaii E1i Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain a description of the alleged municipal code violation? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1ii Hawaii E1ii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the section or provision number of the municipal code said to be violated? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1iii Hawaii E1iii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name and address of the accused? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1iv Hawaii E1iv Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name of the person or municipal entity issuing the citation? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1v Hawaii E1v Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain an order for the accused to appear in municipal court at a stated time and place? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1vi Hawaii E1vi Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused does not have to appear in court if they follow stipulated alternate procedure(s)? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1vii Hawaii E1vii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain caution that the accused may be arrested if they fail either to appear in municipal court or to follow the alternate procedure(s)? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1viii Hawaii E1viii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused may demand a jury trial by filing a form and paying a fee when entering their appearance, plea, answer to the charge or other responsive pleading? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E2 Hawaii E2 Does state law allow for discovery in municipal ordinance prosecutions? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system 4	E3 Hawaii E3 Does state law allow for jury trials in municipal ordinance prosecutions when requested by the accused? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system 4	E4 Hawaii E4 Does state law require municipal courts to advise the accused of the right to demand a jury trial in municipal ordinance violation cases? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	E5i Hawaii E5i To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration cannot be ordered? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system 4	E5ii Hawaii E5ii To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration can be ordered? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system or because incarceration cannot be ordered by a municipal court for an ordinance violation 4	E6i Hawaii E6i Does state law provide the accused with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 3 = n/a as no municipal court system 3	E6ii Hawaii E6ii Does state law provide the municipality with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 3 = n/a as no municipal court system 3	F1i Hawaii F1i Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fines that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 1 = yes 1	F1ii Hawaii F1ii Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fees that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 0 = state law does not regulate fees related to municipal ordinance violations or court costs 0	F2 Hawaii F2 To what extent does state law authorize judges to set a fine below any minimum provided in the municipal code? Score: 0 = not authorized 0	F3i Hawaii F3i If a person is assessed court or prosecution fees, does state law require the court to incorporate those amounts into its order? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	F3ii Hawaii F3ii If a person is to be assessed fees, does state law require the court to specify the names of those fees in its order? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	F4 Hawaii F4 Does state law mandate that no court fees shall be assessed if the case is dismissed? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	F5 Hawaii F5 Does state law require municipal courts to consider non-jail alternative punishments—such as community service, educational programs, or school or work attendance—instead of fines and fees? Score: 3 = n/a as no municipal court system 3	G1 Hawaii G1 Does state law specifically prohibit incarceration where the individual is economically unable to pay the fines or fees? Score: 1 = yes 1	G2 Hawaii G2 Are indirect attempts to collect fines or fees, by incarcerating individuals unable to pay them for contempt of court or threatening incarceration, prohibited by state law? Score: 2 = prohibited 2	G3 Hawaii G3 Does state law require that an ability-to-pay hearing be held before incarceration for nonpayment? Score: 1 = yes 1	G4 Hawaii G4 Does state law require that notice be provided at a reasonable time before an ability-to-pay hearing? Score: 2 = yes 2	G5 Hawaii G5 Does state law require that the individual be notified of a right to counsel, including a public defender or a court-appointed attorney, for an ability-to-pay hearing or any proceeding that may result in incarceration? Score: 2 = yes 2	G6 Hawaii G6 Does state law require that the court at an ability-to-pay hearing inquire and make a formal determination as to an individual’s ability to pay a fine, supported by findings of fact and based on the evidence presented? Score: 1 = yes 1	G7i Hawaii G7i Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fines? Score: 0 = yes 0	G7ii Hawaii G7ii Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fees? Score: 0 = yes 0	G8i Hawaii G8i Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fines? Score: 0 = yes 0	G8ii Hawaii G8ii Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fees? Score: 0 = yes 0
Idaho	A1 Idaho A1 Does state law allow some or all municipalities to enact municipal charters and codes? Score: 0 = yes 0	A2 Idaho A2 Does state law permit municipalities to enact provisions that regulate the same or similar conduct as state laws? Score: 0 = yes 0	A3 Idaho A3 Does state law create, or permit municipalities to create, municipal courts? Score: 1 = no 1	A4 Idaho A4 What does state law grant municipal courts jurisdiction over? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	B1 Idaho B1 Does state law prohibit municipalities from budgeting for future revenue obtained through fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 2 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 2	B2 Idaho B2 How many taxation-based options for raising revenue does state law make available to municipalities? Score: 0 = property, sales or income tax 0	B3 Idaho B3 What percentage of a municipality’s budget must come from revenue sources other than fines and fees? Score: 0% = 0% 0%	B4 Idaho B4 To what extent does state law restrict the discretion of municipalities in allocating the fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	B5 Idaho B5 To what extent does the state, as a matter of law, provide funding for the municipal court system? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no funding or regulation necessary 3	B6 Idaho B6 Does state law specifically protect municipalities from having to provide public services through unfunded mandates? Score: 0 = no 0	B7 Idaho B7 Does state law require that municipal courts function independently of their legislative and executive counterparts in municipal government? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	B8i Idaho B8i Does state law attempt to shield the institutional or individual interests of municipal court personnel from reprisals for case outcomes unfavorable to municipalities? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	B8ii Idaho B8ii Has state law set minimum ethics and professionalism standards for municipal courts, judges, prosecutors, law enforcement and other personnel? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	C1 Idaho C1 Does state law permit municipal courts to increase the number of offenses that require in-person court appearances before fines and fees can be paid? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	C2 Idaho C2 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts provide means by which the accused can pay fines and fees without going to court? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	C3 Idaho C3 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts post a schedule of their predetermined fines and fees online or at the courthouse or other public place? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	C4 Idaho C4 To what extent does state law require that municipal courts consider accepting partial payments of fines and fees? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	D1 Idaho D1 To what extent does state law require or permit suspension of a driver’s license if traffic or ordinance violation fines are not paid on time or if the individual fails to appear in court? Score: 1 = required or permitted in some cases 1	D2 Idaho D2 To what extent does state law require or permit the suspension of a driver’s license for the nonpayment of fees? Score: 2 = state law silent 2	D3 Idaho D3 To what extent does state law permit courts to determine, without specific criteria, when the individual has sufficiently complied with court directions to lift a driver’s license suspension? Score: 2 = provides holistic criteria to apply, such as whether partial payments have been made on outstanding fines and fees, or prohibits suspension of licenses in traffic or municipal ordinance cases 2	E1i Idaho E1i Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain a description of the alleged municipal code violation? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1ii Idaho E1ii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the section or provision number of the municipal code said to be violated? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1iii Idaho E1iii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name and address of the accused? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1iv Idaho E1iv Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name of the person or municipal entity issuing the citation? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1v Idaho E1v Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain an order for the accused to appear in municipal court at a stated time and place? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1vi Idaho E1vi Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused does not have to appear in court if they follow stipulated alternate procedure(s)? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1vii Idaho E1vii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain caution that the accused may be arrested if they fail either to appear in municipal court or to follow the alternate procedure(s)? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1viii Idaho E1viii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused may demand a jury trial by filing a form and paying a fee when entering their appearance, plea, answer to the charge or other responsive pleading? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E2 Idaho E2 Does state law allow for discovery in municipal ordinance prosecutions? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system 4	E3 Idaho E3 Does state law allow for jury trials in municipal ordinance prosecutions when requested by the accused? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system 4	E4 Idaho E4 Does state law require municipal courts to advise the accused of the right to demand a jury trial in municipal ordinance violation cases? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	E5i Idaho E5i To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration cannot be ordered? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system 4	E5ii Idaho E5ii To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration can be ordered? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system or because incarceration cannot be ordered by a municipal court for an ordinance violation 4	E6i Idaho E6i Does state law provide the accused with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 3 = n/a as no municipal court system 3	E6ii Idaho E6ii Does state law provide the municipality with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 3 = n/a as no municipal court system 3	F1i Idaho F1i Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fines that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 1 = yes 1	F1ii Idaho F1ii Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fees that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 1 = state law regulates fees related to municipal ordinance violations or court costs but does not expressly bar new fees or costs 1	F2 Idaho F2 To what extent does state law authorize judges to set a fine below any minimum provided in the municipal code? Score: 0 = not authorized 0	F3i Idaho F3i If a person is assessed court or prosecution fees, does state law require the court to incorporate those amounts into its order? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	F3ii Idaho F3ii If a person is to be assessed fees, does state law require the court to specify the names of those fees in its order? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	F4 Idaho F4 Does state law mandate that no court fees shall be assessed if the case is dismissed? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	F5 Idaho F5 Does state law require municipal courts to consider non-jail alternative punishments—such as community service, educational programs, or school or work attendance—instead of fines and fees? Score: 3 = n/a as no municipal court system 3	G1 Idaho G1 Does state law specifically prohibit incarceration where the individual is economically unable to pay the fines or fees? Score: 0 = no or not prohibited in some cases 0	G2 Idaho G2 Are indirect attempts to collect fines or fees, by incarcerating individuals unable to pay them for contempt of court or threatening incarceration, prohibited by state law? Score: 2 = prohibited 2	G3 Idaho G3 Does state law require that an ability-to-pay hearing be held before incarceration for nonpayment? Score: 1 = yes 1	G4 Idaho G4 Does state law require that notice be provided at a reasonable time before an ability-to-pay hearing? Score: 2 = yes 2	G5 Idaho G5 Does state law require that the individual be notified of a right to counsel, including a public defender or a court-appointed attorney, for an ability-to-pay hearing or any proceeding that may result in incarceration? Score: 2 = yes 2	G6 Idaho G6 Does state law require that the court at an ability-to-pay hearing inquire and make a formal determination as to an individual’s ability to pay a fine, supported by findings of fact and based on the evidence presented? Score: 1 = yes 1	G7i Idaho G7i Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fines? Score: 0 = yes 0	G7ii Idaho G7ii Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fees? Score: 0 = yes 0	G8i Idaho G8i Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fines? Score: 0 = yes 0	G8ii Idaho G8ii Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fees? Score: 0 = yes 0
Illinois	A1 Illinois A1 Does state law allow some or all municipalities to enact municipal charters and codes? Score: 0 = yes 0	A2 Illinois A2 Does state law permit municipalities to enact provisions that regulate the same or similar conduct as state laws? Score: 0 = yes 0	A3 Illinois A3 Does state law create, or permit municipalities to create, municipal courts? Score: 1 = no 1	A4 Illinois A4 What does state law grant municipal courts jurisdiction over? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	B1 Illinois B1 Does state law prohibit municipalities from budgeting for future revenue obtained through fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 2 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 2	B2 Illinois B2 How many taxation-based options for raising revenue does state law make available to municipalities? Score: 1 = any two of property, sales and income taxes 1	B3 Illinois B3 What percentage of a municipality’s budget must come from revenue sources other than fines and fees? Score: 0% = 0% 0%	B4 Illinois B4 To what extent does state law restrict the discretion of municipalities in allocating the fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	B5 Illinois B5 To what extent does the state, as a matter of law, provide funding for the municipal court system? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no funding or regulation necessary 3	B6 Illinois B6 Does state law specifically protect municipalities from having to provide public services through unfunded mandates? Score: 0 = no 0	B7 Illinois B7 Does state law require that municipal courts function independently of their legislative and executive counterparts in municipal government? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	B8i Illinois B8i Does state law attempt to shield the institutional or individual interests of municipal court personnel from reprisals for case outcomes unfavorable to municipalities? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	B8ii Illinois B8ii Has state law set minimum ethics and professionalism standards for municipal courts, judges, prosecutors, law enforcement and other personnel? Score: 3 = no municipal court system and therefore no regulation necessary 3	C1 Illinois C1 Does state law permit municipal courts to increase the number of offenses that require in-person court appearances before fines and fees can be paid? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	C2 Illinois C2 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts provide means by which the accused can pay fines and fees without going to court? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	C3 Illinois C3 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts post a schedule of their predetermined fines and fees online or at the courthouse or other public place? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	C4 Illinois C4 To what extent does state law require that municipal courts consider accepting partial payments of fines and fees? Score: 3 = no municipal court system 3	D1 Illinois D1 To what extent does state law require or permit suspension of a driver’s license if traffic or ordinance violation fines are not paid on time or if the individual fails to appear in court? Score: 1 = required or permitted in some cases 1	D2 Illinois D2 To what extent does state law require or permit the suspension of a driver’s license for the nonpayment of fees? Score: 2 = state law silent 2	D3 Illinois D3 To what extent does state law permit courts to determine, without specific criteria, when the individual has sufficiently complied with court directions to lift a driver’s license suspension? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	E1i Illinois E1i Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain a description of the alleged municipal code violation? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1ii Illinois E1ii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the section or provision number of the municipal code said to be violated? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1iii Illinois E1iii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name and address of the accused? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1iv Illinois E1iv Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name of the person or municipal entity issuing the citation? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1v Illinois E1v Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain an order for the accused to appear in municipal court at a stated time and place? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1vi Illinois E1vi Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused does not have to appear in court if they follow stipulated alternate procedure(s)? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1vii Illinois E1vii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain caution that the accused may be arrested if they fail either to appear in municipal court or to follow the alternate procedure(s)? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E1viii Illinois E1viii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused may demand a jury trial by filing a form and paying a fee when entering their appearance, plea, answer to the charge or other responsive pleading? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system or otherwise not necessary 2	E2 Illinois E2 Does state law allow for discovery in municipal ordinance prosecutions? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system 4	E3 Illinois E3 Does state law allow for jury trials in municipal ordinance prosecutions when requested by the accused? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system 4	E4 Illinois E4 Does state law require municipal courts to advise the accused of the right to demand a jury trial in municipal ordinance violation cases? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	E5i Illinois E5i To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration cannot be ordered? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system 4	E5ii Illinois E5ii To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration can be ordered? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system or because incarceration cannot be ordered by a municipal court for an ordinance violation 4	E6i Illinois E6i Does state law provide the accused with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 3 = n/a as no municipal court system 3	E6ii Illinois E6ii Does state law provide the municipality with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 3 = n/a as no municipal court system 3	F1i Illinois F1i Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fines that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 1 = yes 1	F1ii Illinois F1ii Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fees that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 1 = state law regulates fees related to municipal ordinance violations or court costs but does not expressly bar new fees or costs 1	F2 Illinois F2 To what extent does state law authorize judges to set a fine below any minimum provided in the municipal code? Score: 0 = not authorized 0	F3i Illinois F3i If a person is assessed court or prosecution fees, does state law require the court to incorporate those amounts into its order? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	F3ii Illinois F3ii If a person is to be assessed fees, does state law require the court to specify the names of those fees in its order? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	F4 Illinois F4 Does state law mandate that no court fees shall be assessed if the case is dismissed? Score: 2 = n/a as no municipal court system 2	F5 Illinois F5 Does state law require municipal courts to consider non-jail alternative punishments—such as community service, educational programs, or school or work attendance—instead of fines and fees? Score: 3 = n/a as no municipal court system 3	G1 Illinois G1 Does state law specifically prohibit incarceration where the individual is economically unable to pay the fines or fees? Score: 0 = no or not prohibited in some cases 0	G2 Illinois G2 Are indirect attempts to collect fines or fees, by incarcerating individuals unable to pay them for contempt of court or threatening incarceration, prohibited by state law? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G3 Illinois G3 Does state law require that an ability-to-pay hearing be held before incarceration for nonpayment? Score: 0 = no 0	G4 Illinois G4 Does state law require that notice be provided at a reasonable time before an ability-to-pay hearing? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G5 Illinois G5 Does state law require that the individual be notified of a right to counsel, including a public defender or a court-appointed attorney, for an ability-to-pay hearing or any proceeding that may result in incarceration? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G6 Illinois G6 Does state law require that the court at an ability-to-pay hearing inquire and make a formal determination as to an individual’s ability to pay a fine, supported by findings of fact and based on the evidence presented? Score: 0 = no 0	G7i Illinois G7i Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fines? Score: 0 = yes 0	G7ii Illinois G7ii Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fees? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G8i Illinois G8i Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fines? Score: 0 = yes 0	G8ii Illinois G8ii Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fees? Score: 1 = state law silent 1
Indiana	A1 Indiana A1 Does state law allow some or all municipalities to enact municipal charters and codes? Score: 0 = yes 0	A2 Indiana A2 Does state law permit municipalities to enact provisions that regulate the same or similar conduct as state laws? Score: 2 = no 2	A3 Indiana A3 Does state law create, or permit municipalities to create, municipal courts? Score: 0 = yes 0	A4 Indiana A4 What does state law grant municipal courts jurisdiction over? Score: 0 = all municipal code prosecutions and some state cases, such as certain state law misdemeanors 0	B1 Indiana B1 Does state law prohibit municipalities from budgeting for future revenue obtained through fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 0 = no 0	B2 Indiana B2 How many taxation-based options for raising revenue does state law make available to municipalities? Score: 1 = any two of property, sales and income taxes 1	B3 Indiana B3 What percentage of a municipality’s budget must come from revenue sources other than fines and fees? Score: 0% = 0% 0%	B4 Indiana B4 To what extent does state law restrict the discretion of municipalities in allocating the fines and fees collected by municipal courts? Score: 0 = unrestricted 0	B5 Indiana B5 To what extent does the state, as a matter of law, provide funding for the municipal court system? Score: 0 = unfunded 0	B6 Indiana B6 Does state law specifically protect municipalities from having to provide public services through unfunded mandates? Score: 0 = no 0	B7 Indiana B7 Does state law require that municipal courts function independently of their legislative and executive counterparts in municipal government? Score: 1 = somewhat, partial regulation of municipal court system 1	B8i Indiana B8i Does state law attempt to shield the institutional or individual interests of municipal court personnel from reprisals for case outcomes unfavorable to municipalities? Score: 1 = somewhat, partial regulation of municipal courts 1	B8ii Indiana B8ii Has state law set minimum ethics and professionalism standards for municipal courts, judges, prosecutors, law enforcement and other personnel? Score: 1 = somewhat, partial regulation of municipal courts 1	C1 Indiana C1 Does state law permit municipal courts to increase the number of offenses that require in-person court appearances before fines and fees can be paid? Score: 2 = no 2	C2 Indiana C2 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts provide means by which the accused can pay fines and fees without going to court? Score: 1 = permitted or encouraged 1	C3 Indiana C3 To what extent does state law require that municipalities or municipal courts post a schedule of their predetermined fines and fees online or at the courthouse or other public place? Score: 2 = required 2	C4 Indiana C4 To what extent does state law require that municipal courts consider accepting partial payments of fines and fees? Score: 1 = permitted or encouraged 1	D1 Indiana D1 To what extent does state law require or permit suspension of a driver’s license if traffic or ordinance violation fines are not paid on time or if the individual fails to appear in court? Score: 1 = required or permitted in some cases 1	D2 Indiana D2 To what extent does state law require or permit the suspension of a driver’s license for the nonpayment of fees? Score: 1 = required or permitted in some cases 1	D3 Indiana D3 To what extent does state law permit courts to determine, without specific criteria, when the individual has sufficiently complied with court directions to lift a driver’s license suspension? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	E1i Indiana E1i Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain a description of the alleged municipal code violation? Score: 1 = yes 1	E1ii Indiana E1ii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the section or provision number of the municipal code said to be violated? Score: 1 = yes 1	E1iii Indiana E1iii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name and address of the accused? Score: 1 = yes 1	E1iv Indiana E1iv Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain the name of the person or municipal entity issuing the citation? Score: 1 = yes 1	E1v Indiana E1v Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain an order for the accused to appear in municipal court at a stated time and place? Score: 1 = yes 1	E1vi Indiana E1vi Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused does not have to appear in court if they follow stipulated alternate procedure(s)? Score: 0 = no 0	E1vii Indiana E1vii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain caution that the accused may be arrested if they fail either to appear in municipal court or to follow the alternate procedure(s)? Score: 0 = no 0	E1viii Indiana E1viii Does state law require that the citation or other charging document contain notice that the accused may demand a jury trial by filing a form and paying a fee when entering their appearance, plea, answer to the charge or other responsive pleading? Score: 0 = no 0	E2 Indiana E2 Does state law allow for discovery in municipal ordinance prosecutions? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	E3 Indiana E3 Does state law allow for jury trials in municipal ordinance prosecutions when requested by the accused? Score: 3 = yes 3	E4 Indiana E4 Does state law require municipal courts to advise the accused of the right to demand a jury trial in municipal ordinance violation cases? Score: 0 = no 0	E5i Indiana E5i To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration cannot be ordered? Score: 0 = municipality has burden to prove on the preponderance of the evidence 0	E5ii Indiana E5ii To what extent does state law set the burden of proof standard that the municipality must satisfy in ordinance violation cases where incarceration can be ordered? Score: 4 = n/a as no municipal court system or because incarceration cannot be ordered by a municipal court for an ordinance violation 4	E6i Indiana E6i Does state law provide the accused with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 2 = yes, appeal as of right 2	E6ii Indiana E6ii Does state law provide the municipality with an appeal from final judgment in a municipal ordinance violation case? Score: 0 = yes, appeal as of right 0	F1i Indiana F1i Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fines that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 1 = yes 1	F1ii Indiana F1ii Does state law cap or otherwise regulate the amount of fees that a municipal ordinance can authorize a court to order or that a municipal court can order? Score: 2 = state law bars new fees or court costs related to municipal ordinance violations 2	F2 Indiana F2 To what extent does state law authorize judges to set a fine below any minimum provided in the municipal code? Score: 0 = not authorized 0	F3i Indiana F3i If a person is assessed court or prosecution fees, does state law require the court to incorporate those amounts into its order? Score: 1 = yes 1	F3ii Indiana F3ii If a person is to be assessed fees, does state law require the court to specify the names of those fees in its order? Score: 1 = yes 1	F4 Indiana F4 Does state law mandate that no court fees shall be assessed if the case is dismissed? Score: 1 = mandated 1	F5 Indiana F5 Does state law require municipal courts to consider non-jail alternative punishments—such as community service, educational programs, or school or work attendance—instead of fines and fees? Score: 1 = permitted 1	G1 Indiana G1 Does state law specifically prohibit incarceration where the individual is economically unable to pay the fines or fees? Score: 1 = yes 1	G2 Indiana G2 Are indirect attempts to collect fines or fees, by incarcerating individuals unable to pay them for contempt of court or threatening incarceration, prohibited by state law? Score: 2 = prohibited 2	G3 Indiana G3 Does state law require that an ability-to-pay hearing be held before incarceration for nonpayment? Score: 1 = yes 1	G4 Indiana G4 Does state law require that notice be provided at a reasonable time before an ability-to-pay hearing? Score: 2 = yes 2	G5 Indiana G5 Does state law require that the individual be notified of a right to counsel, including a public defender or a court-appointed attorney, for an ability-to-pay hearing or any proceeding that may result in incarceration? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G6 Indiana G6 Does state law require that the court at an ability-to-pay hearing inquire and make a formal determination as to an individual’s ability to pay a fine, supported by findings of fact and based on the evidence presented? Score: 1 = yes 1	G7i Indiana G7i Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fines? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G7ii Indiana G7ii Does state law permit municipalities to contract with collections agencies or for-profit probation companies to administer and collect fees? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G8i Indiana G8i Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fines? Score: 1 = state law silent 1	G8ii Indiana G8ii Does state law permit municipalities to use civil judgment enforcement methods (such as garnishment) to collect fees? Score: 1 = state law silent 1
Iowa	A1 Iowa A1 Does state law allow some or all municipalities to enact municipal charters and codes? Score: 0 = yes 0