Appendix C: Recent Research on Occupational Licensing
Albert, K. W., Galperin, R. V., & Kacperczyk, A. (2019). Occupational licensure and entrepreneurs: The case of tax preparers in the United States. ILR Review, 72(5), 1065–1093. https://doi.org/10.1177/0019793919847647
Allensworth, R. H. (2017). Foxes at the henhouse: Occupational licensing boards up close. California Law Review, 105(6), 1567–1610. https://dx.doi.org/10.15779/Z38CJ87K75
Ampaabeng, K., Norris, C., & Timmons, E. J. (2020). A snapshot of occupational licensing regulation in the Midwest and Mid-Atlantic States (Policy Brief). Arlington, VA: Mercatus Center, George Mason University. https://www.mercatus.org/system/files/ampaabeng_norris_and_timmons_-_policy_brief_-_a_snapshot_of_occupational_licensing_regulation_in_the_mid-atlantic_and_midwest_-_v1.pdf
Anderson, D. M., Brown, R., Charles, K. K., & Rees, D. I. (2020). Occupational licensing and maternal health: Evidence from early midwifery laws. Journal of Political Economy, 128(11), 4337–4383. https://doi.org/10.1086/710555
Bacon, K., & Tani, M. (2020). Occupational licensing and skills mismatches (Working Paper 2020.020). Logan, UT: Center for Growth and Opportunity, Utah State University. https://www.thecgo.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Occupational-Licensing-and-Skills-Mismatches.pdf
Bae, K., & Timmons, E. J. (2021). On borrowed time: How occupational licensing affects student loan debt (Policy Brief). Arlington, VA: Mercatus Center, George Mason University. https://www.mercatus.org/system/files/timmons_and_bae_-_policy_brief_-_the_long-term_consequences_of_licensing_debt_and_borrowing_levels_by_licensing_attainment_-_v1.pdf
Bailey, T., & Belfield, C. R. (2018). The impact of occupational licensing on labor market outcomes of college-educated workers (CCRC Working Paper No. 104). New York, NY: Community College Research Center, Teachers College, Columbia University. https://ccrc.tc.columbia.edu/media/k2/attachments/impact-occupational-licensing-labor-market.pdf
Barrios, J. M. (2022). Occupational licensing and accountant quality: Evidence from the 150-hour rule. Journal of Accounting Research, 60(1), 3–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12408
Bayne, E., Norris, C., & Timmons, E. (2020). A primer on emergency occupational licensing reforms for combating COVID-19 (Policy Brief Special Edition). Arlington, VA: Mercatus Center, George Mason University. https://www.mercatus.org/system/files/timmons_bayne_and_norris_-_policy_brief_-_covid_series_-_a_primer_on_emergency_occupational_licensing_reforms_for_combating_covid-19_-_v1.pdf
Berk, J. B., & Van Binsbergen, J. H. (2022). Regulation of charlatans in high-skill professions. Journal of Finance, 77(2), 1219–1258. https://doi.org/10.1111/jofi.13112
Bhai, M., & Mitchell, D. T. (2022). The effects of occupational licensing reform for nurse practitioners on children’s health. Southern Economic Journal. https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12592
Blair, P., & Chung, B. (2017). Occupational licensing reduces racial and gender wage gaps: Evidence from the survey of income and program participation (HCEO Working Paper 2017-050). Chicago, IL: Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Global Working Group, University of Chicago. http://humcap.uchicago.edu/RePEc/hka/wpaper/Blair_Chung_2017_licensing_gender_racial_wage_gaps_r1.pdf
Blair, P. Q., & Chung, B. W. (2018). Job market signaling through occupational licensing. (Working Paper 24791). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/papers/w24791
Blair, P. Q., & Chung, B. W. (2019). How much of barrier to entry is occupational licensing? British Journal of Industrial Relations, 57(4), 919–943. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjir.12470
Blair, P. Q., & Chung, B. W. (2020). A Model of occupational licensing and statistical discrimination (Working Paper 28227). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/papers/w28227
Boesch, T., Kokodoko, M., & Nunn, R. (2022, Aug. 30). Occupational licensing requirements can limit employment options for immigrants. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. https://www.minneapolisfed.org/article/2022/occupational-licensing-requirements-can-limit-employment-options-for-immigrants
Boesch, T., Lim, K., & Nunn, R. (2022, Mar. 11). How occupational licensing limits access to jobs among workers of color. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. https://www.minneapolisfed.org/article/2022/how-occupational-licensing-limits-access-to-jobs-among-workers-of-color
Bowblis, J. R., & Smith, A. C. (2019). Occupational licensing of social services and nursing home quality: A regression discontinuity approach. ILR Review, 74(1), 199–223. https://doi.org/10.1177/0019793919858332
Cai, J., & Kleiner, M. M. (2020). The labor market consequences of regulating similar occupations: The licensing of occupational and physical therapists. Journal of Labor Research, 41(4), 352–381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12122-020-09309-0
Carpenter, D. M. (2017). Bottleneckers: The origins of occupational licensing and what can be done about its excesses. Federalist Society Review, 18, 14–20. https://fedsoc-cms-public.s3.amazonaws.com/update/pdf/Hk0dez6hGBxPuWj84pHlCzNQynEzyBLmvdsfh6Zq.pdf
Carpenter, D. M. (2018). You’ll need a license for that job. Summer 2018 Insider. Washington, DC: Heritage Foundation. https://www.heritage.org/insider/summer-2018-insider/youll-need-license-job
Carpenter, D. M., Knepper, L., Sweetland, K., & McDonald, J. (2018). The continuing burden of occupational licensing in the United States. Economic Affairs, 38(3), 380–405. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.12319
Carpenter, D., Sweetland, K., Vargo, E., & Bayne, E. (2021). Introducing a new data set on municipal-level occupational regulation. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, 10(2), 143–155. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEPP-08-2019-0064
Cascino, S., Tamayo, A., & Vetter, F. (2020). Labor market effects of spatial licensing requirements: Evidence from CPA Mobility. Journal of Accounting Research, 59(1), 111–161. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679x.12342
Cassidy, H., & Dacass, T. (2021). Occupational licensing and immigrants. Journal of Law and Economics, 64(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1086/709834
Cebula, R. J., Connaughton, J., & Swartz, C. (2018). An empirical analysis of the impact of the three labor market freedom indices and occupational licensing on interstate living-cost differentials. Journal of Private Enterprise, 33(3), 49–62. http://journal.apee.org/index.php?title=2018_Journal_of_Private_Enterprise_Vol_33_No_3_Fall_parte3
Chung, B. W. (n.d.). Occupational licensing and labor market impacts in Illinois and the Midwest: Is there a rigidity effect? Champaign, IL: Project for Middle Class Renewal, School of Labor and Employment Relations, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. https://lep.illinois.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Occupational-Licensing-in-Illinois-FINAL-Bobby.pdf
Chung, B. W. (2020). The employment effect of occupational licensing by race and gender: Accounting for job characteristics. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3521134
Chung, B. W. (2020). Trade-offs of occupational licensing: Understanding the costs and potential benefits. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3707990
Chung, B. W. (2022). The costs and potential benefits of occupational licensing: A case of real estate license reform. Labour Economics, 76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2022.102172
Chung, B. W., & Zou, J. (2021). Teacher licensing, teacher supply, and student achievement: Nationwide implementation of edTPA (HCEO Working Paper 2021-039). Chicago, IL: Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Global Working Group, University of Chicago. http://humcap.uchicago.edu/RePEc/hka/wpaper/Chung_Zhou_2021_teacher-licensing-supply-student-achievement_v2.pdf
Common Sense Institute Arizona. (2022). Economic implications of universal license recognition: A review of 2019’s HB 2569. Phoenix, AZ. https://commonsenseinstituteaz.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/CSI_AZ_LICENSING_REPORT_MAY2022.pdf
Cooper, J. C., Dorsey, E., & Wright, J. D. (2017). State licensing boards, antitrust, and innovation. Washington, DC: Regulatory Transparency Project, Federalist Society. https://regproject.org/wp-content/uploads/RTP-Antitrust-Consumer-Protection-Working-Group-Paper-Occupational-Licensing.pdf
Corley, T., & Witcher, M. M. (2021). Barber licensing in Arkansas: Public health or private gain? Cato Journal, 41(1), 115–138. https://www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/2021-01/cj-v41n1-6.pdf
Dayaratna, K., Larkin, P. L., & O’Shea, J. (2019). Reforming American medical licensure. Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy, 42(1), 253–278. http://www.harvard-jlpp.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/21/2019/02/Larkin-Final.pdf
Deyo, D. (2017). Law and labor markets: Three essays on individual decision making [Doctoral dissertation, George Mason University]. ProQuest Dissertations. https://www.proquest.com/openview/20d4e5374db69e0a3c9c7ea5aa750c6f/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750
Deyo, D. (2022). Survey of universal licensing reforms in the United States (Policy Brief). Morgantown, WV: Knee Center for the Study of Occupational Regulation, West Virginia University. https://csorwvu.com/policy-brief-survey-of-universal-licensing-reforms-in-the-united-states/
Deyo, D. (2022). Testing licensing and consumer satisfaction for beauty services in the United States. In M. Kleiner & M. Koumenta (Eds.), Grease or grit? International case studies of occupational licensing and its effects on efficiency and quality (pp. 123–142). Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. https://research.upjohn.org/up_press/268/
Deyo, D., Hoarty, B., Norris, C., & Timmons, E. (2021). Licensing massage therapists in the name of crime: The case of Harper v Lindsay. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, 10(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEPP-06-2020-0034
Deyo, D., & Plemmons, A. (2022). Have license, will travel: Measuring the effects of universal licensing recognition on mobility. Economics Letters, 219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2022.110800
Deyo, D., Timmons, E. J., & Kleiner, M. M. (2018). A response to “New Closed Shop: The Economic and Structural Effects of Occupational Licensure” (Policy Brief). Arlington, VA: Mercatus Center, George Mason University. https://www.mercatus.org/system/files/deyo_and_timmons_-_policy_brief_-_a_response_to_new_closed_shop_the_economic_and_structural_effects_of_occupational_licensure_-_v1.pdf
Dieterle, C. J., Weissmann, S., & Watson, G. (2018). How states use occupational licensing to punish student loan defaults (R Street Policy Study No. 148). Washington, DC: R Street Institute. https://www.rstreet.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Final-148-for-posting.pdf
Farronato, C., Fradkin, A., Larsen, B., & Brynjolfsson, E. (2020). Consumer protection in an online world: An analysis of occupational licensing (Working Paper 26601). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/papers/w26601
Flanders, W., & Roth, C. (2017). Land of the free? 50 state study on how professional licensing laws lead to fewer jobs.Milwaukee, WI: Wisconsin Institute for Law and Liberty. https://will-law.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/land-of-the-free-final.pdf
Flatten, M. (2019). Dereliction of duty: Military spouses struggle to earn a living despite ‘feel-good’ licensing laws. Phoenix, AZ: Goldwater Institute. https://www.goldwaterinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/DERELICTION-OF-DUTY_Military-spouses-struggle-to-earn-a-living-despite-feel-good-licensing-laws_web.pdf
Francesc, O., & Hsin, A. (2018). Occupational barriers and the labor market penalty from lack of legal status (IZA Discussion Paper No. 11680). Bonn, Germany: IZA Institute of Labor Economics. https://docs.iza.org/dp11680.pdf
Ghani, A. A. (2019). The impact of the nurse licensing compact on inter-state job mobility in the United States. In D. Sutherland (Ed.), OECD economic survey of the United States: Key research findings (pp. 103–119). Paris, France: OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/a9993f12-en
Ginn, V., & Timmons, E. (2018). Occupational licensing: Keeping people poor. Austin, TX: Texas Public Policy Foundation. https://www.texaspolicy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/2018-10-Examining-Occupational-Licensing-CEP-Ginn.pdf
Gittleman, M., Klee, M. A., & Kleiner, M. M. (2018). Analyzing the labor market outcomes of occupational licensing. Industrial Relations, 57(1), 57–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/irel.12200
Greenberg, D. (2021). Regulating glamour: A quantitative analysis of the health and safety training of appearance professionals. UIC J. Marshall Law Review, 54(1), 123–246. https://repository.law.uic.edu/lawreview/vol54/iss1/2
Hall, L. K., & Horwitz, S. (2021). Midwifery licensing: Medicalization of birth and special interests (Working Paper). Arlington, VA: Mercatus Center, George Mason University. https://www.mercatus.org/system/files/hall-horwitz_midwifery-licensing_working-paper_v2.pdf
Han, S., & Kleiner, M. M. (2021). Analyzing the influence of occupational licensing duration and grandfathering on wage determination. Industrial Relations, 60(2), 147–187. https://doi.org/10.1111/irel.12274
Hentze, I. (2018). Improving occupational licensing with sunrise and sunset reviews. LegisBrief, 26(25). https://www.ncsl.org/research/labor-and-employment/improving-occupational-licensing-with-sunrise-and-sunset-reviews.aspx
Hermansen, M. (2019). Occupational licensing and job mobility in the United States (OECD Economics Department Working Paper No. 1585). Paris, France: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. https://doi.org/10.1787/4cc19056-en
Ingram, S. J. (2019). Occupational licensing and the earnings premium in the United States: Updated evidence from the Current Population Survey. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 57(4), 732–763. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjir.12469
Ingram, S. J., & Yelowitz, A. (2021). Real estate agent dynamism and licensing entry barriers. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, 10(2), 156–174. https://doi.org/10.1108/jepp-07-2019-0063
Johnson, J. E., & Kleiner, M. M. (2020). Is occupational licensing a barrier to interstate migration? American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 12(3), 347–373. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20170704
Kilmer, M. (2018). A look at occupational licensing reform across the United States. Conway, AR: Arkansas Center for Research in Economics, University of Central Arkansas. https://uca.edu/acre/files/2018/10/ACRE_occupational-licensing-state-reforms-WEB-FINAL.pdf
Kim, J. (2020). Occupational credentials and job qualities of direct care workers: Implications for labor shortages. Journal of Labor Research, 41(4), 403–420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12122-020-09312-5
Kleiner, M. M. (2017). The influence of occupational licensing and regulation. IZA World of Labor. https://doi.org/10.15185/izawol.392
Kleiner, M., & Koumenta, M. (Eds.). (2022). Grease or grit? International case studies of occupational licensing and its effects on efficiency and quality. Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. https://research.upjohn.org/up_press/268/
Kleiner, M. M., & Soltas, E. J. (2019). A welfare analysis of occupational licensing in U.S. states (Working Paper 26383). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3472818
Kleiner, M. M., & Timmons, E. J. (2020). Occupational licensing: Improving access to regulatory information. Journal of Labor Research, 41(4), 333–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12122-020-09314-3
Kleiner, M. M., & Vorotnikov, E. S. (2018). At what cost? State and national estimates of the economic costs of occupational licensing. Arlington, VA: Institute for Justice. https://ij.org/report/at-what-cost/
Kleiner, M. M., & Xu, M. (2020). Occupational licensing and labor market fluidity (Working Paper 27568).Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/papers/w27568
Koumenta, M., Pagliero, M., & Rostam-Afschar, D. (2020). Occupational licensing and the gender wage gap (GLO Discussion Paper No. 689). Essen, Germany: Global Labor Organization. http://hdl.handle.net/10419/225243
Larsen, B., Ziao, J., Kapor, A., & Yu, C. (2020). The effect of occupational licensing stringency on the teacher quality distribution (Working Paper 28158). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/papers/w28158
Law, M. T., & Marks, M. S. (2017). The labor-market effects of occupational licensing laws in nursing. Industrial Relations, 56(4), 640–661. https://doi.org/10.1111/irel.12190
Liang, X. (2022). Do immigrants gain from occupational licensing? A cross-cohort analysis. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3907593
Love, M. C. (2022). The many roads from reentry to reintegration: A national survey of laws restoring rights and opportunities after arrest or conviction. Collateral Consequences Resource Center. https://ccresourcecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/MRFRTR_3.21.22.pdf
Love, M. C., & Schlussel, D. (2020). The reintegration report card: Grading the states on laws restoring rights and opportunities after arrest of conviction. Collateral Consequences Resource Center. https://ccresourcecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/The-Reintegration-Report-Card_FINAL-converted.pdf
Markowitz, S., Adams, E. K., Lewitt, M. J., & Dunlop, A. L. (2017). Competitive effects of scope of practice restrictions: Public health or public harm? Journal of Health Economics, 55, 201–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.07.004
McMichael, B. J. (2017). The demand for healthcare regulation: The effect of political spending on occupational licensing laws. Southern Economic Journal, 84(1), 297–316. https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12211
McMichael, B. J. (2018). Beyond physicians: The effect of licensing and liability laws on the supply of nurse practitioners and physician assistants. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 15(4), 732–771. https://doi.org/10.1111/jels.12198
Meehan, B., & Stephenson, E. F. (2020). Reducing a barrier to entry: The 120/150 CPA licensing rule. Journal of Labor Research, 41(4), 382–402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12122-020-09313-4
Meehan, B., Timmons, E., & Meehan, A. (2017). Barriers to mobility: Understanding the relationship between growth in occupational licensing and economic mobility (Policy and Analysis). Washington, DC: Archbridge Institute. https://www.archbridgeinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Barriers-to-Mobility.pdf
Meehan, B. J., Timmons, E., Meehan, A., & Kukaev, I. (2019). The effects of growth in occupational licensing on intergenerational mobility. Economics Bulletin, 39(2), 1516–1528. http://www.accessecon.com/Pubs/EB/2019/Volume39/EB-19-V39-I2-P143.pdf
Menjou, M., Bednarczuk, M., & Hunter, A. (2021). Beauty school debt and drop-outs: How state cosmetology licensing fails aspiring beauty workers. Arlington, VA: Institute for Justice. https://ij.org/report/beauty-school-debt-and-drop-outs/
Mitchell, M. D., & Palagashvili, L. (2022). Economic freedom in the period of invisible punishment: Occupational and business licensing barriers that restrict access to work for those with criminal records (Policy Brief). Arlington, VA: Mercatus Center, George Mason University. https://www.mercatus.org/system/files/mitchell_and_palagashvili_-_policy_brief_-_economic_freedom_in_the_period_of_invisible_punishment_-_08.26.2022_jf.pdf
National Conference of State Legislatures. (2019). The evolving state of occupational licensing: Research, state policies and trends (2nd ed.). Washington, DC. https://www.ncsl.org/research/labor-and-employment/the-evolving-state-of-occupational-licensing.aspx
National Conference of State Legislatures, National Governors Association, & Council of State Governments. (2020). Occupational licensing final report: Assessing state policies and practices: Project overview and lessons learned from the Occupational Licensing Learning Consortium. Washington, DC: National Conference of State Legislatures. https://www.ncsl.org/research/labor-and-employment/occupational-licensing-final-report-assessing-state-policies-and-practices637425196.aspx
Norris, C., Smith, J. T., & Timmons, E. J. (2020). How to reform occupational licensing (Policy Paper 2020.011). Logan, UT: Center for Growth and Opportunity, Utah State University. https://www.thecgo.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/How-to-Reform-Occupational-Licensing-COVID-19.pdf
Nunn, R. (2018). How occupational licensing matters for wages and careers. Washington, DC: Hamilton Project, Brookings Institution. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/es_3152018_how_occupational_licensing_matters_for_wages_and_careers.pdf
Plemmons, A. (2022). Occupational licensing’s effects on firm location and employment in the United States. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjir.12661
Plemmons, A. M. (2021). Does occupational licensing costs disproportionately affect the self-employed? Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, 10(2), 175–188. https://doi.org/10.1108/jepp-08-2019-0065
Redbird, B. (2017). The new closed shop? The economic and structural effects of occupational licensure. American Sociological Review, 82(3), 600–624. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122417706463
Redbird, B., & Escamilla-García, A. A. (2020). Borders within borders: The impact of occupational licensing on immigrant incorporation. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 6(1), 22–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332649219833708
Rege, G., Riley, T., Mitchel-Slentz, B., Yibass, S., & Curnow, C. (2019). NCSL Occupational Licensing Consortium case study reports. Washington, DC: American Institutes for Research. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED602442.pdf
Ross, J. K. (2017). The inverted pyramid: 10 less restrictive alternatives to occupational licensing. Arlington, VA: Institute for Justice. http://ij.org/report/the-inverted-pyramid/
Rupp, N. G., & Tan, K. M. (2022). An evaluation of legislation designed to improve airline pilots’ safety and performance. SSRN. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3617370
Sanchez, K., Pohl, E. S., & Knepper, L. (2022). Too many licenses? Government “sunrise” reviews cast doubt on barriers to work. Arlington, VA: Institute for Justice. https://ij.org/report/too-many-licenses/
Scheck, M., Shultis, R., Smith, D. J., & Nandy, P. (2022). The costs of occupational licensing in Tennessee and avenues for reform. Nashville and Murfreesboro, TN: Beacon Center of Tennessee and Political Economy Research Institute, Middle Tennessee State University. https://www.beacontn.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/LicensingReform-3.25.22.pdf
Scheffler, G. (2019). Unlocking access to health care: A federalist approach to reforming occupational licensing. Health Matrix, 29(1), 293–355. https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/healthmatrix/vol29/iss1/8
Schlomach, B., Sandefur, C., & Feldstein, M. (2018). A win-win for consumers and professionals alike: An alternative to occupational licensing. Phoenix, AZ, and Oklahoma City, OK: Goldwater Institute and 1889 Institute. https://1889institute.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/1889_Win-Win.pdf
Schmitt, K. (2018). Questions a legislator should ask (3rd ed). Nicholasville, KY: Council on Licensure, Enforcement and Regulation.
Shakya, S., Ghosh, S., & Norris, C. (2022). Nurse licensure compact and mobility. Journal of Labor Research, 43(2), 260–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12122-022-09333-2
Shuls, J. V. (2017). Raising the bar on teacher quality: Assessing the impact of increasing licensure exam cut-scores. Educational Policy, 32(7), 969–992. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904816682315
Sibilla, N. (2020). Barred from working: A nationwide study of occupational licensing barriers for ex-offenders. Arlington, VA: Institute for Justice. https://ij.org/report/barred-from-working/
Slivinski, S. (2020). A cosmetology board capture index: Measuring the influence of self-interest in occupational licensing (Policy Report No. 2020-02). Tempe, AZ: Center for the Study of Economic Liberty, Arizona State University. https://csel.asu.edu/sites/default/files/2020-12/CSEL-2020-02-A-Cosmetology-Board-Capture-Index-11_02_20-v2.pdf
Slivinski, S. (2020). You can take it with you: A case for occupational licensing reciprocity (Policy Report No. 2020-01). Tempe, AZ: Center for the Study of Economic Liberty, Arizona State University. https://csel.asu.edu/sites/default/files/2020-02/CSEL-2020-01-You-Can-Take-It-with-You-03_02_20.pdf
Smith, D. J. (2017). Occupational licensing in Alabama. Labour and Industry, 27(2), 77–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/10301763.2017.1333564
Smith, D. J., & Trudeau, N. J. (2019). The undertaker’s cut: Challenging the rational basis for casket licensure. Journal of Private Enterprise, 34(2), 23–41. http://journal.apee.org/index.php?title=2019Journal_of_Private_Enterprise_Vol_34_No_2_Summer_PARTE2
Smith, J. T., Freeman, V., & Caldwell, J. M. (2018). How does occupational licensing affect U.S. consumers and workers? (Research in Focus 2018.002). Logan, UT: Center for Growth and Opportunity, Utah State University. https://www.thecgo.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/how-does-occupational-licensing-afect-US-consumers-and-workers.pdf
Snyder, T., Mattson, E., & Kanode, A. (2020). U.S. state occupational licensing: Measuring its impact on business establishments during the Great Recession. International Journal of Business and Applied Sciences, 9(3), 30–36. https://ijbas.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Snyder-Mattson-Kanode-2020-93.pdf
Snyder, T. J., & Ouattara, S. N. (2018). Occupational licensure and property. Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy, 48(1), 92–98. https://jrap.scholasticahq.com/article/3760-occupational-licensure-and-property-crime
Sweetland, K., & Carpenter, D. M. (2022). Raising barriers, not quality: Occupational licensing fails to improve services. Arlington, VA: Institute for Justice. https://ij.org/report/raising-barriers-not-quality/
Tani, M. (2020). Occupational licensing and the skills mismatch of highly educated migrants. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 59(3), 730–756. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjir.12574
Thierer, A., & Mitchell, T. (2020). Occupational licensing reform and the right to earn a living: A blueprint for action (Policy Brief). Arlington, VA: Mercatus Center, George Mason University. https://www.mercatus.org/system/files/thierer_and_mitchell_-_policy_brief_-_the_freedom_to_innovate_the_right_to_earn_a_living_a_blueprint_for_action_-_v1.pdf
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