August 12, 2026

The IJ Database of ALPR Abuse

The Institute for Justice has cataloged more than 100 incidents of ALPR abuse, including romantic stalking, wrongful stops and detentions, non-law enforcement use, and other types of misconduct.

Flock Safety ALPR camera
A Flock camera in Arlington, Virginia.

Automated license plate readers (ALPRs) were sold to American communities as a targeted tool for catching car thieves and finding missing people. What they actually purchased has grown into something far broader and more frightening: an AI-powered network of cameras that photograph and log the movement of every driver who passes, whether or not they are suspected of any crime.  

Companies like Flock Safety have now blanketed thousands of communities with ALPRs, quietly assembling powerful mass surveillance systems that can reconstruct where people have been, when, and how often, all without a warrant. 

This dragnet surveillance threatens the freedoms the Fourth Amendment was adopted to protect. These concerns aren’t just abstractions: every day, innocent people are harmed by officials’ abuse and misuse of these ALPRs. Here are just a few examples:

  • In Florida, a woman was stalked and pulled over by a sheriff’s deputy who saw her at a TV shoot. 
  • In Texas, a sheriff’s deputy used 83,000 Flock ALPRs to find a woman who had allegedly had a medication abortion, at the behest of her abusive partner. 
  • In Georgia, a police chief tracked his ex-girlfriend and her teenage daughter roughly 600 times.

All told, the Institute for Justice (IJ) has identified well over 100 incidents of ALPR abuse, including romantic stalking, wrongful stops and detentions, non-law enforcement use, and other types of misconduct.

Although this is the most comprehensive list publicly available, it may be just the tip of the iceberg. Officers rarely enter specific reasons when they search ALPR databases, and the volume of searches is so large that it would be impossible to figure out whether officers’ vague justifications are actually true.  

For instance, in litigation against Norfolk, Virginia, IJ discovered that the top three search reasons (“cj,” “stolen,” and “inv”) accounted for nearly one third of 230,000 searches over two years. One officer repeatedly wrote “la la la la,” and nobody noticed.

The incidents IJ identified are documented and mapped below. IJ is updating this database regularly, and you can help by letting us know about any incidents we missed.  

When the government can track the everyday movements of ordinary people—to their jobs, their churches, their doctors, their protests—it holds a kind of power over private life that the Constitution does not allow.  

That is why IJ is fighting back in court, including federal lawsuits challenging ALPR surveillance programs in the cities of Norfolk and San Jose. To learn more, visit plateprivacy.com.

Database of ALPR abuse

197 incidents shown
Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming District of Columbia

Richmond County, Georgia

Date
September 2026
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Investigator Sean Morrow was fired and criminally charged for alleged misuse of the Flock system.

Original source

Richmond County, Georgia

Date
September 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Deputy Jose Ferrer was fired and criminally charged for alleged misuse of the Flock system.

Original source

Hahira, Georgia

Date
September 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Former officer Daniel Lindsay was arrested and criminally charged for alleged “non-work-related” misuse of the Flock system.

Original source

Brunswick County, North Carolina

Date
September 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

An unnamed Brunswick County Sheriff’s Office employee resigned and was put under criminal investigation for alleged misuse of the Flock system.

Original source

Hall County, Georgia

Date
September 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Deputy Jason Orellana resigned after performing 10 unauthorized Flock searches at the request of a co-worker who did not have access to the system.

Original source

Hall County, Georgia

Date
September 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Hall County deputy Taylor McArthur resigned after asking a co-worker to run Flock searches on people she knew.

Original source

Hall County, Georgia

Date
September 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Hall County deputy Austin Scott Flanagan resigned after accessing the Flock system multiple times for reasons unrelated to his job. He was also under investigation for making harrassing phone calls.

Original source

Tift County, Georgia

Date
September 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

An unnamed Tift County deputy was demoted and had his access to sensitive data systems revoked after running Flock searches on himself.

Original source

Revere, Massachusetts

Date
September 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Revere police officer Michael Tiso was temporarily suspended without pay for using the Flock system to look up a woman he had a restraining order against.

Original source

Colleton County, South Carolina

Date
August 2026
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Sheriff’s Office Lieutenant Kevin Smalls was fired after allegedly running 62 unauthorized searches on the Flock system for his spouse and other people he knew.

Original source

Channahon, Illinois

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

An unnamed Channahon officer was placed on administrative leave after an audit revealed possible misuse of the Flock system.

Original source

Pflugerville, Texas

Date
August 2026
Type
Other Misuse
Camera
Flock

Pflugerville authorities shut down and covered the city’s Flock cameras after an open records request by a city resident revealed that hundreds of outside agencies had unauthorized access to the city’s Flock data.

Original source

Lee County, Alabama

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

An unnamed Lee County deputy was fired after an audit allegedly revealed Flock misuse.

Original source

Habersham County, Georgia

Date
August 2026
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Deputy Jonathan Thomas was fired and criminally charged after an internal audit found that he used the Flock system to track the whereabouts of a person he was in a relationship with. After Thomas’ arrest, the Sheriff’s office announced it was imposing new restrictions on deputies’ use of Flock cameras.

Original source

Hall County, Georgia

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Investigator Justin Brown was fired and referred to the Georgia Bureau of Investigation for potential criminal charges after allegedly using the Flock system for non-law enforcement reasons at least twice.

Original source

Hall County, Georgia

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Investigator Michael Atkins was fired and referred to the Georgia Bureau of Investigation for potential criminal charges after allegedly using the Flock system for non-law enforcement reasons at least four times.

Original source

Lufkin, Texas

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

A second unnamed Lufkin officer was placed on administrative leave pending an investigation into potential Flock misuse.

Original source

Lynn, Massachusetts

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

One of two unnamed Lynn officers placed on administrative leave after an audit uncovered “a concerning pattern” in some Flock searches.

Original source

Lynn, Massachusetts

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

One of two unnamed Lynn officers placed on administrative leave after an audit uncovered “a concerning pattern” in some Flock searches.

Original source

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

An unnamed officer received “corrective action” after using the Flock system to infringe on a person’s rights in an unspecified manner.

Original source

St. Charles County, Missouri

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

A civilian employee resigned in the midst of an investigation into allegedly “egregious” personal misuse of the Flock system.

Original source

Bloomingdale, Illinois

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

An unnamed Bloomingdale officer was put on leave after allegedly using the Flock system for an unauthorized purpose.

Original source

Itasca, Illinois

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

An unnamed officer was fired for an unspecified Flock violation after a news organization requested records related to misuse of license plate readers.

Original source

Brevard County, Florida

Date
August 2026
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Former Brevard Deputy Michael Fultz resigned after an investigation uncovered “egregious misconduct,” including looking up his ex-girlfriend’s license plate on Flock.

Original source

Lufkin, Texas

Date
August 2026
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Lufkin officer Zachary Klein was arrested and indicted on 100 felony counts related to misuse of the Flock system “for a nongovernmental purpose and with the intent to obtain a benefit or harm or defraud another.” Klein allegedly searched for his ex-girlfriend and people she knew more than 10,000 times. The department subsequently disabled all of its Flock cameras.

Original source

Henrico County, Virginia

Date
August 2026
Type
Other Misuse
Camera
Flock

After an internal review, Henrico County authorities revoked fire marshals’ access to the Flock system as state law prohibits such use.

Original source

Temple, Texas

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

An unnamed Temple officer resigned in the midst of an investigation into allegedly unauthorized use of the Flock system.

Original source

Atlanta, Georgia

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Georgia Department of Corrections special agent Robert Keim was arrested and charged after allegedly misusing a Flock license plate reader system.

Original source

Covington, Georgia

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Former officer Michael Canty was arrested for alleged misuse of the Flock system.

Original source

Palos Park, Illinois

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Officer Cohen Piechocinski was accused of conducted multiple unauthorized Flock searches of his personal vehicles. His Flock privileges were revoked and the department is considering discipline.

Original source

Bibb County, Georgia

Date
August 2026
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Former deputy Tony Lewis was charged with stalking and other crimes after allegedly using the Flock system to track someone he was in a relationship with.

Original source

Bibb County, Georgia

Date
August 2026
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Former deputy Coznavian Stubbs was charged with stalking and other crimes after allegedly using the Flock system to track someone he was in a relationship with.

Original source

Bibb County, Georgia

Date
August 2026
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Former deputy Joseph Callaway was charged with stalking and other crimes after allegedly using the Flock system to track someone he was in a relationship with.

Original source

Mooresville, North Carolina

Date
August 2026
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Officer Elizabeth Snowman was criminally charged after allegedly using Flock cameras to track the location of her boyfriend’s ex-wife.

Original source

Coweta County, Georgia

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

One of three unnamed Coweta County Sheriff’s Office employees who resigned in the midst of an audit into their use of Flock.

Original source

Coweta County, Georgia

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

One of three unnamed Coweta County Sheriff’s Office employees who resigned in the midst of an audit into their use of Flock.

Original source

Coweta County, Georgia

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

One of three unnamed Coweta County Sheriff’s Office employees who resigned in the midst of an audit into their use of Flock.

Original source

Brookfield, Wisconsin

Date
August 2026
Type
Error
Camera
Flock

Officers pulled over an innocent person with guns drawn after a Flock camera issued an alert for a vehicle that should not have been in the system.

Original source

Apache Junction, Arizona

Date
August 2026
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Former officer Joshua McDaniels resigned at the conclusion of an investigation that found he improperly used Flock to look up the location of his wife.

Original source

Brentwood, Missouri

Date
August 2026
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

An outside investigation found that an unnamed officer committed “sustained policy violations” by using the Flock system to track the location of his ex-wife during their divorce proceedings.

Original source

East Point, Georgia

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Documents viewed by InvestigateTV showed that an unnamed East Point officer used Flock for personal searches, with the police chief describing the incident as a “one-off.”

Original source

Union City, Georgia

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Documents reviewed by InvestigateTV showed that an unnamed officer was forced to resign following an investigation into Flock misuse.

Original source

DeKalb County, Georgia

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

One of five unnamed DeKalb officers suspended for searching Flock without a legitimate law enforcement purpose.

Original source

DeKalb County, Georgia

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

One of five unnamed DeKalb officers suspended for searching Flock without a legitimate law enforcement purpose.

Original source

DeKalb County, Georgia

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

One of five unnamed DeKalb officers suspended for searching Flock without a legitimate law enforcement purpose.

Original source

DeKalb County, Georgia

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

One of five unnamed DeKalb officers suspended for searching Flock without a legitimate law enforcement purpose.

Original source

DeKalb County, Georgia

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

One of five unnamed DeKalb officers suspended for searching Flock without a legitimate law enforcement purpose.

Original source

DeKalb County, Georgia

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

One of three unnamed DeKalb officers suspended for unspecified Flock policy violations.

Original source

DeKalb County, Georgia

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

One of three unnamed DeKalb officers suspended for unspecified Flock policy violations.

Original source

DeKalb County, Georgia

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

One of three unnamed DeKalb officers suspended for unspecified Flock policy violations.

Original source

New Bedford, Massachusetts

Date
August 2026
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

New Bedford officer Emily Pacheco was placed on leave and an investigation was opened after her ex-girlfriend filed for an abuse prevention order against her. Pacheco allegedly stalked her ex using Flock cameras.

Original source

Millcreek, Utah

Date
August 2026
Type
Other Misuse
Camera
Flock

Authorities in Millcreek discovered a Flock camera on city property and removed it after being unable to determine who installed it or who had access to it.

Original source

Chandler, Arizona

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

An unnamed Chandler police department employee allegedly misused Flock data, resulting in the city canceling its contract with the company.

Original source

Goodyear, Arizona

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

An unnamed Goodyear officer was placed on administrative leave after an audit flagged “concerning activity involving a potential department policy violation.”

Original source

Indianapolis, Indiana

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Unspecified

An unnamed IMPD officer was suspended and recommended for termination after an internal investigation found they used the department’s ALPR cameras for “personal reasons.”

Original source

Deer Park, Texas

Date
August 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Deer Park officer Brandon Williams was suspended for 10 days and reassigned to Patrol Division after allegedly searching for a single license plate 165 times over the span of several months. The searches were not related to law enforcement work.

Original source

Houston County, Georgia

Date
August 2026
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

School Resource Officer Sierra Carroll was suspended without pay and is facing potential criminal charges after an internal audit revealed she misused the Flock system to track family members and coworkers.

Original source

Jefferson Parish, Louisiana

Date
August 2026
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

After an inquiry from a reporter, the Jefferson Parish Sheriff’s Office fired Deputy Nathan Rome after determining he had searched for his ex-fiancee’s license plate thousands of times over several years. The ex-fiancee told investigators she was aware of the unauthorized searches.

Original source

Albany, Georgia

Date
July 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Isaac Whitus was one of five officers fired by the Albany Police Department and arrested in July 2026 for allegedly misusing Flock cameras.

Original source

Albany, Georgia

Date
July 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Brittney Smith was one of five officers fired by the Albany Police Department and arrested in July 2026 for allegedly misusing Flock cameras.

Original source

Albany, Georgia

Date
July 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Nicholas Richardson was one of five officers fired by the Albany Police Department and arrested in July 2026 for allegedly misusing Flock cameras.

Original source

Albany, Georgia

Date
July 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Jade Jackson was one of five officers fired by the Albany Police Department and arrested in July 2026 for allegedly misusing Flock cameras.

Original source

Albany, Georgia

Date
July 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Tytianna Davis was one of five officers fired by the Albany Police Department and arrested in July 2026 for allegedly misusing Flock cameras.

Original source

Greene County, Georgia

Date
July 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Deputy Quin’sha Goss was fired and arrested for allegedly using the Flock system for personal reasons over a period of several months.

Original source

DeKalb County, Georgia

Date
July 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

DeKalb County Sergeant Kabiru Salawu was fired and arrested after allegedly using Flock cameras for personal reasons.

Original source

Fayetteville, Georgia

Date
July 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

One of three unnamed officers fired and under criminal investigation for allegedly using Flock cameras to look up information on themselves, friends or family members.

Original source

Fayetteville, Georgia

Date
July 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

One of three unnamed officers fired and under criminal investigation for allegedly using Flock cameras to look up information on themselves, friends or family members.

Original source

Fayetteville, Georgia

Date
July 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

One of three unnamed officers fired and under criminal investigation for allegedly using Flock cameras to look up information on themselves, friends or family members.

Original source

Racine, Wisconsin

Date
July 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

As of July 2026, two unnamed officers were under investigation for allegedly misusing Flock cameras in Racine County.

Original source

Racine, Wisconsin

Date
July 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

As of July 2026, two unnamed officers were under investigation for allegedly misusing Flock cameras in Racine County.

Original source

Sumter County, Florida

Date
July 2026
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Sumter County detective Brandy Almany was fired and criminally charged after allegedly using Flock and other police databases to track her husband’s ex-wife.

Original source

Habersham County, Georgia

Date
July 2026
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Deputy Christian Brewer was fired and arrested after an internal audit uncovered he used the Flock system to track the whereabouts of a person he was in a relationship with.

Original source

Auburn, Washington

Date
July 2026
Type
Error
Camera
Flock

Auburn police used Flock cameras to track down a shooting suspect, but arrested the wrong man.

Original source

Baytown, Texas

Date
July 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Chief John Stringer announced an internal and criminal investigation after receiving allegations that one of its officers misused the Flock system. That officer subsequently resigned.

Original source

Greenville County, South Carolina

Date
July 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Dispatcher Lauren Wilkinson was fired for unspecified misuse of the Flock system.

Original source

Greenville County, South Carolina

Date
July 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Former Deputy Richard Mann was fired for unspecified misuse of the Flock system.

Original source

Moody, Alabama

Date
July 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

According to Police Chief Reece Smith, a Moody officer was fired for misusing the Flock system. “There was no victim in this case,” the chief said, “but it was still a violation of the policy.”

Original source

Richland County, South Carolina

Date
July 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Former Deputy Russell Kenton II was fired and arrested for using the Flock system for non-law enforcement purposes.

Original source

Savannah, Georgia

Date
July 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

One of four unnamed officers put on leave and referred for a criminal investigation over improper Flock use, including searches involving acquaintances and family members.

Original source

Savannah, Georgia

Date
July 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Officer Matthew Rich was fired and charged with two counts of misuse of a license plate reader system and one count of violation of oath of office.

Original source

Savannah, Georgia

Date
July 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Officer Donald Phillips was fired and charged with two counts of misuse of a license plate reader system and one count of violation of oath of office.

Original source

Savannah, Georgia

Date
July 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Officer Marquis Dillard was fired charged with two counts of misuse of a license plate reader system and one count of violation of oath of office.

Original source

Savannah, Georgia

Date
July 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

One of two unnamed staffers put on leave and referred for a criminal investigation over improper Flock use, including searches involving acquaintances and family members.

Original source

Savannah, Georgia

Date
July 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Calandic Thomas, a community service specialist with the police department, was fired and charged with two counts of misuse of a license plate reader system

Original source

Reynoldsburg, Ohio

Date
July 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Reynoldsville officer Alissa Birkhimer resigned in the midst of an investigation into possible Flock misuse.

Original source

Henry County, Georgia

Date
July 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Henry County officer Patrick Isbell was fired and criminally charged after using license plate reader data “for non-law enforcement purposes.”

Original source

Plymouth, Minnesota

Date
June 2026
Type
Error
Camera
Flock

Plymouth police tracked a different automobile writer for days and then detained him and his wife in a Kohl’s parking lot after a similar misread issue involving a Range Rover test vehicle.

Original source

Scotts Bluff, Nebraska

Date
June 2026
Type
Error
Camera
Flock

Automobile journalist Tim Esterdahl was pulled over by police after misreading the license plate of a Range Rover test vehicle.

Original source

Cherokee County, Georgia

Date
June 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Deputy Cynthia Jodesty was fired and arrested after she improperly accessed a license plate reader database.

Original source

Cherokee County, Georgia

Date
June 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Lieutenant Chris Bryant was fired and jailed for allegedly misusing the license plate reader database.

Original source

Cherokee County, Georgia

Date
June 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Sargeant Mike Creeden was fired and jailed for allegedly misusing the license plate reader database.

Original source

Statesboro, Georgia

Date
June 2026
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Andrae Wright, a former Effingham County Sheriff’s Office employee and investigator with the Ogeechee Circuit District Attorney’s Office, was charged with stalking and other crimes for alleged misuse of the Flock system.

Original source

Springville, Alabama

Date
June 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

An unnamed Springville officer resigned after an audit found that they looked up a family member’s vehicle.

Original source

Charlotte, North Carolina

Date
June 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Officer Seth Elliott was placed on leave and arrested for accessing Flock to look up an undercover investigator’s vehicle at the request of a drug suspect.

Original source

Sparks, Nevada

Date
June 2026
Type
Other Misuse
Camera
Flock

An EFF investigation found that Sparks Police Department receives “immigration violation” hot list alerts from ICE, despite internal policy prohibiting the Flock system from being used for immigration enforcement.

Original source

Midgeville, Georgia

Date
June 2026
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Major Brandon Sellers was fired and criminally charged for misusing Flock camera data.

Original source

Pasadena, Texas

Date
May 2026
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Pasadena Sargeant Michael Palitz resigned while under investigation for allegedly misusing the department’s Flock camera system. Officials told news outlet KPRC 2 that Palitz was using the cameras to “track and stalk a female officer.”

Original source

Amarillo, Texas

Date
April 2026
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Officer Christian Eder was fired and criminally charged after allegedly using Flock cameras to track a man he perceived as a romantic rival 76 times.

Original source

Alpharetta, Georgia

Date
April 2026
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

An internal investigation concluded that Patrolman Dustin Bozzo used the Flock system dozens of times to track the whereabouts of a former romantic partner employed by the police department, as well as another officer who he mistakenly perceived to be a romantic rival. Bozzo resigned and the case is now under criminal investigation.

Original source

Cherry Hills, Colorado

Date
April 2026
Type
Error
Camera
Flock

A Colorado driver was repeatedly pulled over after officers mistakenly put his license plate number on a Flock hotlist.

Original source

Volusia County, Florida

Date
April 2026
Type
Error
Camera
Flock

Based on a Flock capture, officers mistook an innocent driver’s car for one that was at the scene of a deadly accident. The driver was jailed for 13 days.

Original source

Gwinnett County, Georgia

Date
April 2026
Type
Stalking
Camera
Unspecified

Officer Renee Downer was arrested and relieved of duty after allegedly using law enforcement databases, including a license plate reader system, to monitor the location of an ex-romantic partner.

Original source

Conyers, Georgia

Date
April 2026
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Paige Forte, a supervisor in the Conyers Police Department’s Real-Time Crime Center, was fired and charged after allegedly using the Flock system to monitor her domestic partner’s location.

Original source

Mauldin, South Carolina

Date
March 2026
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Officer Ellie Hammond was fired after using Flock cameras to track a former romantic partner 166 times.

Original source

Sherwood, Arkansas

Date
February 2026
Type
Error
Camera
Flock

A Flock camera misread a digit on an innocent couple’s vehicle, prompting officers to pull the over and order them out of the car at gunpoint.

Original source

Key West, Florida

Date
February 2026
Type
Stalking
Camera
Guardian

Sheriff’s Deputy Lamar Roman allegedly used an ALPR system to track and eventually pull over a woman he had met while providing security on a TV set. Roman was arrested and charged with accessing a computer or electronic device without authorization.

Original source

San Francisco, California

Date
February 2026
Type
Other Misuse
Camera
Flock

A San Francisco officer violated the department’s conflict-of-interest policy by obtaining Flock images of a relative’s stolen car and posting them to Instagram.

Original source

Richmond, Virginia

Date
January 2026
Type
Other Misuse
Camera
Flock

The Richmond Police Department shared Flock data with the FBI, a violation of a departmental policy banning sharing with federal authorities.

Original source

Reynoldsburg, Ohio

Date
January 2026
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Reynoldsburg officer Mark Nichols resigned after an investigation found he searched for the license plates of a former domestic partner.

Original source

Shively, Kentucky

Date
January 2026
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Officer Asad Zahir was suspended and is facing multiple criminal charges after allegedly searching the Flock system for his child’s mother thousands of times in the first several months of this year. Zahir was able to conduct the searches despite the woman having received an order of protection against him.

Original source

Jackson County, Indiana

Date
December 2025
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Former deputy Skylar Thompson was fired and criminally charged for allegedly looking up his ex-girlfriend’s plate more than 2,000 times from January through August 2026.

Original source

Boulder County, Colorado

Date
December 2025
Type
Error
Camera
Flock

Another Colorado driver was repeatedly pulled over after officers mistakenly put her license plate number on a Flock hotlist.

Original source

Greer, South Carolina

Date
December 2025
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Former Police Corporal Kareem Lynch was fired after an internal audit revealed he had allegedly used the department’s Flock system to monitor the whereabouts of a subordinate with whom he had a previous relationship.

Original source

Statenville, Georgia

Date
December 2025
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Anna Altobello, a secretary at the Echols County Sheriff’s Office, was charged with multiple offenses after allegedly using the Flock system to search for people she knew personally.

Original source

San Diego, California

Date
November 2025
Type
Error
Camera
Flock

Based on a Flock capture, officers mistook an innocent driver’s car for one that was at the scene of an attempted carjacking. The driver was jailed for nearly one month.

Original source

Bonner Springs, Kansas

Date
November 2025
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Detective Kyle Rector allegedly used license plate readers to track his estranged wife and two men he suspected were her new romantic partners. He was charged with multiple crimes in March 2026.

Original source

Eagan, Minnesota

Date
November 2025
Type
Other Misuse
Camera
Flock

Out-of-state agencies were able to search Twin Cities suburbs’ license plate data for civil immigration enforcement, despite Minnesota law limiting such data to criminal cases only.

Original source

Dunwoody, Georgia

Date
October 2025
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Officer Jessica Preston was fired after allegedly using the Flock system to look up the license plate of a man her colleague was romantically involved with, at the colleague’s request, due to concerns over her safety.

Original source

Lenexa, Kansas

Date
October 2025
Type
Other Misuse
Camera
Unspecified

Lenexa police allegedly used license plate readers to track the movements of a writer who wrote a column critical of them.

Original source

Joplin, Missouri

Date
October 2025
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Officer Kenneth Andersen resigned and was placed under investigation after allegedly improperly searching for a license plate number hundreds of times.

Original source

Niceville, Florida

Date
October 2025
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Former Niceville Officer Coty Hall pleaded no contest to several charges after using the department’s Flock system to track another officer and that officer’s spouse. Hall’s misconduct was discovered via an internal audit; Hall was fired following his arrest in October 2025.

Original source

Menasha, Wisconsin

Date
October 2025
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Officer Cristian Morales was placed on leave and charged with misconduct in office after his ex-girlfriend filed a complaint alleging that he used a Flock system to track her.

Original source

Sandy Springs, Georgia

Date
October 2025
Type
Other Misuse
Camera
Flock

Reserve Sgt. Francis Esposito was fired after transferring Flock data to a private company he also worked for.

Original source

Story County, Iowa

Date
October 2025
Type
Other Misuse
Camera
Flock

Authorities in Story County discovered that other police agencies had obtained access to their Flock data without permission in October 2025.

Original source

Katy, Texas

Date
October 2025
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Officer Sergio Rodriguez was fired and indicted for allegedly using the Flock system to track his ex-partner more than 2,000 times over a period of 11 months.

Original source

Denver, Colorado

Date
September 2025
Type
Error
Camera
Flock

An officer misinterpreted Flock captures to blame an innocent woman for series of thefts.

Original source

Prairie Grove, Illinois

Date
September 2025
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Officer William C. Copp, who also served as the police chief of nearby Holiday Hills, was arrested after searching Flock for several former romantic partners and at least one of their new partners. Copp has been fired from his Prairie Grove position and his employment with Holiday Hills is under review.

Original source

Kenosha County, Wisconsin

Date
September 2025
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Sheriff’s Deputy Frank McGrath resigned with severance pay after internal investigators found he used the department’s Flock system to keep tabs on another deputy with whom he was romantically involved. He was charged with two felonies in August 2026.

Original source

Jefferson County, Colorado

Date
August 2025
Type
Error
Camera
Flock

Yet another Colorado driver was repeatedly pulled over after officers mistakenly put her license plate number on a Flock hotlist.

Original source

Redmond, Washington

Date
August 2025
Type
Error
Camera
Flock

After data in the Flock system incorrectly linked a suspect’s vehicle to his innocent father, officers detained the wrong man.

Original source

Racine County, Wisconsin

Date
August 2025
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Racine County Sheriff’s Deputy Emil Ortiz was demoted and suspended for improperly using Flock to assist his girlfriend in a dispute with her ex-boyfriend.

Original source

Springfield, Illinois

Date
August 2025
Type
Other Misuse
Camera
Flock

An audit by the Illinois Secretary of State found that Customs and Border Protection gained access to Illinois license plate camera data, a violation of state law.

Original source

Colleton County, South Carolina

Date
August 2025
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Lt. Ruben Carter was fired after allegedly making 2,700 unauthorized Flock searches of himself, fellow deputies, and other people he knew.

Original source

Porter County, Indiana

Date
August 2025
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Porter County sheriff’s Lt. Michael Piazza was demoted, suspended without pay and barred from using the department’s Flock after an investigation found he conducted unauthorized searches with the Flock system. According to NWI.com reporting, the searches were related to a woman Piazza had been having an affair with.

Original source

Richmond, Virginia

Date
July 2025
Type
Other Misuse
Camera
Flock

The administrator of Richmond’s license plate reader system granted access to the system of an analyst with the federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms. That analyst subsequently made searches for immigration enforcement in violation of department policy.

Original source

Richmond County, Georgia

Date
July 2025
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Investigator Curtis Hopkins was one of three Richmond County sheriff’s officers arrested in July after allegedly misusing the Flock system more than 100 times each. According to sources interviewed by the Augusta Press, some of the searches allegedly involved tracking women.

Original source

Richmond County, Georgia

Date
July 2025
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Lieutenant John McKenzie was one of three Richmond County sheriff’s officers arrested in July after allegedly misusing the Flock system more than 100 times each. According to sources interviewed by the Augusta Press, some of the searches allegedly involved tracking women.

Original source

Richmond County, Georgia

Date
July 2025
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Deputy Joshua Johnson was one of three Richmond County sheriff’s officers arrested in July after allegedly misusing the Flock system more than 100 times each. According to sources interviewed by the Augusta Press, some of the searches allegedly involved tracking women.

Original source

Joliet, Illinois

Date
July 2025
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Lieutenant Jeremy Harrison was fired from the agency after using Flock cameras to track the location of a female officer.

Original source

Jerome County, Idaho

Date
July 2025
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Sheriff George Oppedyk used a Flock system to search for his wife’s vehicle hundreds of times. Idaho’s Attorney General concluded that no crime was committed, but Oppedyk retired in April 2026, two years before his term of office ended.

Original source

Winnebago County, Illinois

Date
July 2025
Type
Stalking
Camera
Unspecified

Former Sheriff’s Deputy Tyler Bryan was charged with stalking and official misconduct after allegedly using the department’s ALPR system to monitor the locations of an ex-girlfriend and her new partner. The misconduct came to light after the victims filed for an order of protection against Bryan.

Original source

Richmond County, Georgia

Date
June 2025
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Former Deputy Jaquarius Yarbrough was arrested after allegedly using the Flock system to track the license plate of a woman he’d been having an affair with 1,639 times over several months.

Original source

Berkeley, Illinois

Date
June 2025
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Officer Terrance Mastrino resigned in the middle of an investigation into alleged misuse of the Flock system triggered by an individual who had discovered their plate had been looked up on HaveIBeenFlocked.

Original source

Athens, Georgia

Date
June 2025
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Athens-Clarke County Police Department intelligence analyst Nick Barker was fired and referred to the Georgia Bureau of Investigation for potential criminal charges after allegedly tracking his ex-wife multiple times in 2025.

Original source

Greer, South Carolina

Date
May 2025
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Former Greer Officer Sebastian Echeverry was fired after allegedly using the department’s Flock system for personal use. According to FITSNews reporting, “at least one of Echeverry’s unauthorized searches allegedly targeted his ex-girlfriend.”

Original source

Johnson County, Texas

Date
May 2025
Type
Other Misuse
Camera
Flock

An officer with the Johnson County Sheriff’s Office ran a nationwide Flock search for a woman suspected of having an abortion.

Original source

Sarasota, Florida

Date
May 2025
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Former Sarasota officer Cory Waiters was fired and arrested after an investigation determined he looked up a license plate hundreds of times for a non-law enforcement reason. The investigation was prompted by a query from a reporter.

Original source

Waukesha County, Wisconsin

Date
May 2025
Type
Other Misuse
Camera
Flock

Multiple Waukesha County deputies performed more than 100 Flock searches of Napoleon Jones’ car, allegedly in retaliation for Jones filing a complaint against one of the deputies.

Original source

Akron, Ohio

Date
April 2025
Type
Other Misuse
Camera
Flock

An Akron Police Department analyst and officer tracked a prominent activist who had been critical of police using “activist recording” as the reason for the search, which violated department policy

Original source

Louisville, Kentucky

Date
March 2025
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Officer Roberto Cedeno was charged with multiple felonies after allegedly using the city’s ALPR system to track an ex-partner and her friends hundreds of times over two months.

Original source

Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Date
March 2025
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Officer Josue Ayala allegedly used the department’s network of Flock ALPRs to track a woman he was dating and her ex-partner nearly 180 times over a two-month period. Ayala resigned in 2026 after being charged with misconduct in public office.

Original source

Cumberland, Rhode Island

Date
March 2025
Type
Error
Camera
Flock

A woman filed an unlawful arrest lawsuit against the town after officers attempted to use a Flock photo to identify a driver of a car they were pursuing, and subsequently arrested the wrong person.

Original source

Oak Ridge, Tennessee

Date
February 2025
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Former Officer Zachary Gauthier received 23 charges of official misconduct for misusing data systems, including Flock license plate readers, for personal reasons.

Original source

East Cleveland, Ohio

Date
February 2025
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Officer Latasha Moore allegedly used a license plate reader system to find the location of someone with whom she was in a “personal relationship.”

Original source

Louisville, Kentucky

Date
February 2025
Type
Other Misuse
Camera
Flock

A Louisville detective was disciplined after sharing his Flock login with a DEA agent in violation of city policy.

Original source

Matteson, Illinois

Date
December 2024
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

According to internal documents obtained by stopflock.org, Officer Jaila Cole-Clark ran hundreds of Flock searches for her former domestic partner and that individual’s new partner. Cole-Clark resigned from department in the middle of the investigation.

Original source

Tulsa, Oklahoma

Date
December 2024
Type
Other Misuse
Camera
Flock

According to an investigation by the Electronic Frontier Foundation, police agencies across the country logged hundreds of searches related to political protests between December 2024 and October 2025.

Original source

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Date
December 2024
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

According to public records obtained by DeFlock OKC, Oklahoma City Sergeant Keenan Heskett received a three-day suspension after searching the Flock database for personal reasons over a period of several months. The police department investigated Heskett’s Flock use after receiving a complaint from a member of the public.

Original source

Highland Heights, Ohio

Date
October 2024
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

A part-time Highland Heights dispatcher resigned amid allegations of improperly using the Flock system thousands of times over a period of several years.

Original source

Haines City, Florida

Date
September 2024
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Haines City officer Christopher Goodson was put on leave and arrested after an investigation revealed he searched the Flock database for his estranged wife’s car more than 700 times between September 1, 2024 and June 30, 2026.

Original source

West Chester, Ohio

Date
August 2024
Type
Other Misuse
Camera
Flock

Former officer Michelle Berling was sentenced to five years of probation after allegedly tampering with Flock data and images.

Original source

Shelby County, Tennessee

Date
August 2024
Type
Stalking
Camera
Unspecified

Deputy Thadius Gordon was relieved of duty after allegedly using an ALPR database to track his ex-wife’s location more than 100 times.

Original source

San Francisco, California

Date
August 2024
Type
Other Misuse
Camera
Flock

Out-of-state authorities ran more than 1.6 million searches of the city’s license plate reader data, including searches for immigration enforcement purposes, which are illegal under state law.

Original source

Lafayette, Indiana

Date
July 2024
Type
Error
Camera
Flock

Officers detained an innocent man at gunpoint after a Flock camera misread his license plate.

Original source

Braselton, Georgia

Date
July 2024
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Police Chief Michael Steffman was arrested after allegedly using license plate readers to stalk and harass multiple people, including a former romantic partner. Steffman resigned shortly before his arrest.

Original source

Morristown, Tennessee

Date
June 2024
Type
Error
Camera
Flock

After a Flock camera misread an “O” as a “0,” officers detained two grandparents at gunpoint while their three-year-old granddaughter watched from the car.

Original source

Riverside County, California

Date
June 2024
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

After being arrested for kidnapping his ex-fiance, Deputy Alexander Vanny allegedly used the department’s Flock system to track one of her friends. In December 2025 he was convicted of multiple charges in a jury trial.

Original source

Orange City, Florida

Date
June 2024
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Officer Jarmarus Brown allegedly used ALPRs to stalk his girlfriend and her family members more than 100 times over seven months. Brown was arrested and charged in 2025.

Original source

Houston, Texas

Date
June 2024
Type
Other Misuse
Camera
Flock

An analysis by the Houston Chronicle found that the overwhelming majority of Flock searches by Houston Police Department employees offered minimal or no justification for the search.

Original source

Polk County, Georgia

Date
June 2024
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Former officer Tracey Royston was arrested and criminally charged after allegedly using another department’s Flock system for non-law enforcement purposes.

Original source

Dallas, Georgia

Date
June 2024
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Heidi Taylor, the former 911 director for the Dallas, Georgia police department, was arrested and charged with misuse of a license plate reader system after the Georgia Bureau of Investigation found that she accessed the Flock system “for reasons unrelated to law enforcement between 2024 and 2025.”

Original source

Stow, Massachusetts

Date
June 2024
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

The Stow Police Department placed officer Jason Rogers on unpaid leave and filed a criminal complaint against him after Rogers allegedly used Flock and other databases to stalk a former romantic partner who said she had changed her identity to escape from his abuse. The victim discovered Rogers had been stalking her by using the HaveIBeenFlocked website.

Original source

North Myrtle Beach, South Carolina

Date
May 2024
Type
Error
Camera
Unspecified

Officers misidentified a vehicle based on an ALPR alert, detaining an innocent teenager at gunpoint.

Original source

Toledo, Ohio

Date
April 2024
Type
Error
Camera
Flock

After a Flock camera misread a “7” as a “2,” officers detained an innocent driver at gunpoint, sicced their dog on him, and jailed him for several hours.

Original source

Coffee County, Georgia

Date
April 2024
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Former Coffee County Sheriff’s Deputy Chris Rozar was charged with multiple criminal offenses after allegedly using the department’s Flock system to stalk a woman he was romantically interested in. Rozar was fired from the department at the beginning of the investigation.

Original source

York County, South Carolina

Date
February 2024
Type
Error
Camera
Flock

An innocent motorist was detained at gunpoint after a Flock ALPR misread a character on his license plate, flagging the car as stolen. The sheriff’s office claimed the misread was due to a tinted license plate cover.

Original source

Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Date
January 2024
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Detective Tehrangi Chapman was charged with misconduct after allegedly using the Flock system to track the movements of two people over a period of one year. His abuse came to light after he was assigned to investigate the misconduct of Josue Ayala, another Milwaukee officer charged with misusing the system.

Original source

Sedgwick County, Kansas

Date
October 2023
Type
Error
Camera
Flock

After a Flock camera failed to distinguish between temporary and permanent license plates, sheriff’s deputies detained an innocent couple at gunpoint.

Original source

Sedgwick, Kansas

Date
October 2023
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Police Chief Lee Nygaard resigned after using Flock cameras to track his ex-girlfriend and her new boyfriend more than 200 times over several months.

Original source

Cherokee County, Georgia

Date
October 2023
Type
Non Law-Enforcement Use
Camera
Flock

Deputy Jerry Shellhouse was fired and charged for alleged improper use of the Flock system starting in October 2023.

Original source

Detroit, Michigan

Date
September 2023
Type
Error
Camera
Unspecified

Officers misinterpreted ALPR data and detained an innocent woman at gunpoint, put her autistic child in the back seat of a police car, and impounded her vehicle for several weeks.

Original source

Houston, Texas

Date
August 2023
Type
Error
Camera
Flock

Officers misinterpreated a Flock alert and detained two innocent men at gunpoint.

Original source

Fayetteville, North Carolina

Date
July 2023
Type
Error
Camera
Rekor

Officers misinterpreted ALPR data and detained an innocent woman at gunpoint.

Original source

Espanola, New Mexico

Date
July 2023
Type
Error
Camera
Flock

After a Flock camera misread a digit of their license plate, officers detained two innocent sisters at gunpoint.

Original source

Espanola, New Mexico

Date
July 2023
Type
Error
Camera
Flock

After officers entered incorrect information into the ALPR system, officers detained an innocent teenager at gunpoint.

Original source

Dayton, Ohio

Date
July 2023
Type
Other Misuse
Camera
Flock

More than 140 law enforcement agencies nationwide accessed Dayton’s Flock camera system for immigration-related searches over a period of several years, despite such searches not being allowed under city policy.

Original source

Costa Mesa, California

Date
June 2023
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Officer Robert Josett used a Flock camera system to track his mistress and her other romantic interests. Josett pleaded guilty to multiple criminal charges in April 2026.

Original source

Jackson Township, Ohio

Date
March 2023
Type
Error
Camera
Flock

After officers failed to remove a license plate from a hot list, they pulled over and detained an innocent driver.

Original source

Roseville, California

Date
January 2023
Type
Error
Camera
Flock

Flock sent 1,427 alerts to Roseville police over two years, flagging cars as stolen or used in a felony. In 71% of them, the cameras read the plates incorrectly.

Original source

Kechi, Kansas

Date
October 2022
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

Kechi Lieutenant Victor Heiar pleaded guilty to computer crime and stalking after using Flock cameras to track his estranged wife.

Original source

Charlotte, North Carolina

Date
July 2022
Type
Error
Camera
NDI

An ALPR hit led to an innocent woman’s arrest after officers entered incorrect information into the license plate reader system.

Original source

Greenville, South Carolina

Date
February 2022
Type
Error
Camera
Unspecified

After officers failed to remove a recovered rental vehicle from a hot list, officers detained two innocent women after they drove past a license plate camera.

Original source

Fort Bend County, Texas

Date
January 2022
Type
Stalking
Camera
Flock

A Fort Bend County Sheriff’s Office Lieutenant used Flock cameras to monitor the locations of multiple people dozens of times starting January 2022. One of those people was in a “contentious familial relationship” with the lieutenant. The lieutenant was suspended for two days.

Original source

Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania

Date
September 2021
Type
Stalking
Camera
Unspecified

Officer Michael McSherry pleaded guilty to stalking charges after using readers to track his estranged wife and other family members.

Original source

Atherton, California

Date
April 2021
Type
Error
Camera
Unspecified

After an ALPR misread a license plate that was partially obscured by dirt, officers detained the driver at gunpoint.

Original source

Aurora, Colorado

Date
August 2020
Type
Error
Camera
Unspecified

After an ALPR misread a minivan’s license plate, officers detained a woman and four children at gunpoint.

Original source

Hercules, California

Date
November 2018
Type
Error
Camera
Vigilant

After officers failed to update a hot list about a stolen rental vehicle that had been recovered, a Vigilant ALPR flagged the vehicle and the driver and his brother were detained at gunpoint.

Original source

Methodology 

Incidents of abuse were identified using media reports and public records. Incidents involving vehicle-mounted ALPR systems, speed cameras, red light cameras and toll cameras are not included: only stationary, always-on ALPR systems are included due to the unique risks they pose. Dates reflect when the misuse began, if known, or when it was first publicly reported. 

Category definitions 

Stalking – incidents in which an officer used an ALPR system to track the location of a romantic partner (current, former, or prospective), a romantic rival, or a family member. 

Error – incidents in which an ALPR camera misread a vehicle’s plate, or an officer misinterpreted ALPR data. 

Non-law-enforcement use – incidents in which an officer misused an ALPR system in a personal or otherwise unspecified manner. 

Other misuse – incidents involving policy violations, unauthorized data sharing, and other miscellaneous forms of abuse.

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